安徽省太和中学　王永辉

定语从句的关系词，你选择对了吗？

安徽省太和中学王永辉

定语从句作为高中英语人教版必修一的重要语法项目，是新进高中学生所要面对的重要难题之一。尤其是定语从句关系词的选择方面，学生更是错误百出。本文通过错题解析的方式分析定语从句中关系词方面学生常出现的错误。

一、几组关系词的误用比较

1.that和what

误We'll reach the sales targets in a month what we set at the beginningofthe year.

解析定语从句的引导词中是没有what的，what在名词性从句中作主语或宾语，而在定语从句中作主语或宾语的关系代词可用that或which。比较下面两个例子：

①He told me all that he knows.（that引导的定语从句修饰先行词all）

②He told me what he knows.（what引导的宾语从句）

正We'll reach the sales targets in a month（that）we set at the beginningofthe year.

2.that和which

①误Please send us all the information which you have about the candidate for the position.

解析当先行词被不定代词、形容词最高级或序数词等修饰且引导词在定语从句中作主语或宾语时，只能用that引导定语从句。

正Please send us all the information（that）you have about the candidate for the position.

②误Care ofthe soul is a gradual process in that even the small details oflife should be considered.

解析分析句子结构可以看到，a gradual process后为“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，当先行词为物时，此时的引导词只能是which。

正Care ofthe soul is a gradual process in which even the small details oflife should be considered.

③误China Today attracts a worldwide readership，that shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.

解析逗号之后的句子是一个非限制性定语从句且引导词在该定语从句中作主语，故应该用which引导。

正China Today attracts a worldwide readership，which shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.

3.that/which和who

误Happiness and success often come to those that are good at recognizing their own strengths.

解析当those代指人作先行词时，定语从句的引导词用who。类似的词还有one（s），he，不能用that，更不能用which（指找物）。另外，如果在非限制性定语从句中，即使代指人时也不能用that。

正Happiness and success often come to those who are good at recognizing their own strengths.

4.who和whom

误We saw several natives advancing towards our party，and one of them came up to us，to who we gave some bells and glasses.

解析分析句子结构可知，第二个逗号后的部分应为“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，先行词为one of them（人）。当先行词为人时，在“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，关系代词只能选择whom。

正We saw several natives advancing towards our party，and one of them came up to us，to whom we gave some bells and glasses.

5.as和which/that

①误The number of smokers，which is reported，has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.

解析as和which均可引导非限制性定语从句。……