曹蕾 廖贺贺 王旭等

摘要[目的]探讨沙坡头自然保护区猫头刺种群数量动态变化规律。[方法]以沙坡头自然保护区的猫头刺种群为研究对象，以调查数据为基础编制静态生命表和生存曲线，并借助生存分析函数分析沙坡头自然保护区猫头刺种群动态特征，阐明了其种群数量特征。[结果]猫头刺种群的存活曲线属于DeeveyⅠ型，幼年个体数量最多，到达其生理年龄后，个体大量死亡，猫头刺种群龄级结构为金字塔型；消失率与死亡率曲线变化一致，前期数值小但缓慢上升，后期迅猛增长，达到最大值；4个猫头刺种群生存分析函数结果表明猫头刺种群整体呈现出前期稳定、中期渐减、后期衰退的特征。[结论]沙坡头自然保护区目前的生态环境可维持幼龄猫头刺种群的生长。

关键词沙坡头国家级自然保护区；种群静态生命表；存活曲线；生存分析函数；猫头刺

中图分类号S759.9文献标识码A文章编号0517-6611（2016）04-032-05

Life Table and Survival Analysis of Oxytropis aciphylla in Shapotou Nature Reserve

CAO Lei，LIAO Hehe，WANG Xu et al （College of Earth & Environmental Sciences，Lanzhou University，Lanzhou，Gansu 730000）

Abstract[Objective] The aim was to discuss population quantity dynamic change of Oxytropis aciphylla in Shapotou Nature Reserve.[Method] With Oxytropis aciphylla population in Shapotou Nature Reserve as research object，based on investigation data，the static life table and survival curve was compiled.By referring to survival analysis function，the dynamic characteristics of Oxytropis aciphylla population in Shapotou Nature Reserve were analyzed，the population quantity characteristics were elaborated.[Result] The results showed that the survival rate curve of Oxytropis aciphylla population appeared to be DeeveyI.Young individuals were the most population density.But when Oxytropis aciphylla reached its physiological age，a large number of individuals died，the size structure of Oxytropis aciphylla population indicated pyramid pattern with the growing population characters.Disappearance rate curve and mortality rate curve were consistent.In the preliminary numerical value was small，little changed and rose slowly.However in the later period it grew rapidly and reached its peak.The viability analysis function of Oxytropis aciphylla population showed that Oxytropis aciphylla population overall present the characteristic of stabilization in the early age，degression in mediumterm and recession in old age period.[Conclusion] The current ecoenvironment of Shapotou Nature Reserve is appropriate for growth of young Oxytropis aciphylla.

Key wordsShapotou Nature Reserve； Population static life table； Survival curve； Survival analysis function； Oxytropis aciphylla

屬蔷薇目豆科棘豆属，是垫状矮小半灌木；根粗壮，根系发达；茎多分枝开展，全体成球状植丛。猫头刺分布于中国内蒙古、陕西、甘肃、宁夏、青海和新疆等地，在俄罗斯西西伯利亚和蒙古南部也有分布。它生于海拔1 000～3 250 m的砾石质平原、丘陵坡地、薄层沙地及砂荒地上，是一种重要的固沙植物[1]。猫头刺是荒漠草原带的标志植物之一，在干燥的沙地上可形成猫头刺占优势的荒漠群落，在初级生产力中占重大份额，是食物链中必不可少的环节。猫头刺可为荒漠动物提供食源，春季绵羊、山羊采食猫头刺的花和小叶，骆驼和马采食一些嫩枝叶，发芽时马刨食其根[2]。……