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腰椎内固定术后深部感染的诊断与治疗进展

2016-10-19雍坤张贤

中国医药导报 2016年7期

雍坤 张贤

[摘要] 随着科学技术的不断进步,腰椎内固定手术在临床上被广泛应用,但术后不可避免地存在深部感染的潜在风险。虽然感染的发生概率很低,但是一旦发生可能造成极其严重的后果,且其诊断和治疗困难,预后也存在不确定性,如何有效预防和控制感染成为临床面临的严峻挑战。感染的防治要点包括避免诱因、诊断及时、用药合理以及常用的保留内固定疗法:清创冲洗负压引流、椎间隙抗生素灌洗、负压封闭引流技术(VSD)、臭氧水创腔灌注等,同时对内固定的保留和取出做出客观评价,尽量降低感染率、提高治愈率。

[关键词] 腰椎内固定术;深部感染;软组织感染;负压封闭引流技术

[中图分类号] R687.3 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-7210(2016)03(a)-0039-04

1.Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210023, China; 2.Wuxi Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province, Wuxi 214071, China

[Abstract] Spinal internal fixation has been widely used by clinical practice with the development of science and technology. After this operation, it has potential risk of deep wound infection inevitability. It is infrequently which may bring about a series of serious results. Because of hardly diagnosis and treating, uncertainty prognosis, how to prevent and control of infection effectively has been a serious challenge for clinical practice. Key points on prevention and treatment of infection including avoid causes, diagnose in time, rational use of drug, usual methods of reservation internal fixation: debridement, washing and negative pressure drainage, irrigation antibiotics in intervertebral space, vacuum sealing drainage (VSD), ozone water perfusion in wound cavity. Appraising of reservation or move internal fixation objectivity. Reducing probability of infection and improving cure rate try our best.

[Key words] Spinal internal fixation; Deep infection; Soft tissue infection; Vacuum sealing drainage

腰椎內固定手术已广泛开展,其涉及的解剖部位较深,存在术后切口深部感染的风险,感染一般发生于手术区域附近的肌肉、椎间隙、硬膜外等深部软组织,其导致软组织的炎性反应,甚至造成中枢神经系统感染和猝死[1],成为广大学者面临的严峻挑战。本文阐述感染的诱因、诊断、治疗、预后及预防等,为临床降低感染率,提高治愈率提供参考,也为减轻患者痛苦,降低治疗成本,缓和医患矛盾提供借鉴。

1 易感因素

内因方面,相关研究指出高龄、营养不良、糖尿病、肥胖等[2]人群容易发生腰椎内固定术后伤口感染。高龄和营养不良是对患者的抵抗力下降角度而言,糖尿病、肥胖则是因局部皮肤血供较差而失养,进而增加了感染的风险[3]。……

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