王家序+潘阳+李俊阳+肖科+周广武

摘 要：水润滑轴承的摩擦性能取决于橡胶轴瓦的润滑状态、硬度、动态粘弹性等.选取坡缕石（AT）纳米粉体，经硅烷偶联剂KH-550表面改性处理后，加入NBR制成AT/NBR橡胶轴瓦硫化胶试件与AT/NBR水润滑轴承试件.检测表明，AT/NBR橡胶轴瓦硫化胶试件的综合力学性能、硬度提高.动态力学分析仪DMA测得，NBR，AT/NBR橡胶轴瓦硫化胶试件0 ℃时的损耗因子大约相等，表明两者的湿滑能力基本不变.通过轴承摩擦磨损试验机，测出AT/NBR轴承试件的水润滑摩擦噪声、摩擦系数与磨损量降低.以上实验表明，AT/NBR轴承试件比NBR轴承试件的摩擦磨损等性能指标有所提高，并达到了美军标（船舶）MIL-DTL-17901C（SH）的规定.

关键词：水润滑；轴承；纳米坡缕石；丁腈橡胶；摩擦性能

中图分类号：TH133.3； TH117.1 文献标识码：A

Abstract：The friction performance of water-lubricated bearing depends on the lubricated conditions， hardness， dynamic viscoelasticity of rubber， and so forth. After the surface was modified with silane coupling agent KH-550， palygorskite （AT） nano-powder was added to NBR rubber to prepare AT/NBR rubber-liner vulcanizate sample and AT/NBR water-lubricated bearing sample. Proved by testing results， the comprehensive mechanical properties and the hardness of AT/NBR rubber-liner vulcanizate sample were enhanced. Detected by dynamic mechanical analyzer （DMA）， the loss factor values at 0 ℃ of NBR and AT/NBR rubber-liner vulcanizate samples were approximately the same， and the wet sliding properties almost remained unchanged. When tested with friction wear-test machine of bearing， the water-lubricated friction coefficient of AT/NBR bearing sample decreased. Those experiments have shown that the performance index of AT/NBR bearing sample is better than that of the NBR bearing sample and meets the requirements of MIL-DTL-17901C （SH） specification.

Key words：water-lubricated； bearing； nano-palygorskite； acrylonitrile butadiene rubber； friction performance

水润滑橡胶轴承是一种滑动轴承，用于矿山采掘设备、船舶螺旋桨轴、水轮机、水泵和涡轮钻机等机械传动装置，轴瓦衬里是橡胶，由大量水介质润滑，能经受水中漂浮固体粒子的磨耗；橡胶弹性模量小，对载荷缓冲良好，能自动调位和有效减振降噪.其设计与工作条件、摩擦材料及润滑介质特性、润滑介质量和润滑方式等因素有关[1].水润滑橡胶轴承静态接触面积与动态摩擦力的统计相关分析表明，二者线性相关显著，即改善轴承摩擦性能的关键因素，是橡胶材质的选择[2].

在低速、重载、启动、停机等一些特殊工况下，水润滑轴承处于边界润滑或与轴颈直接接触的干摩擦状态，橡胶轴瓦会产……