李凡　曹迎春　粟思橙　黄晶

摘 要：建立并验证了具有主动力响应的乘员颈部肌肉有限元模型，用于研究颈部肌肉主被动响应对后碰撞载荷下乘员头颈部动力学响应及颈部损伤的影响.运用50百分位成年男性颈部的MRI数据重建了人体颈部肌肉三维数值模型，采用克里格插值方法将其与头颈基础模型进行匹配.肌肉材料定义采用Ogden材料和Hill材料相耦合的办法以分别模拟肌肉的被动和主动特性.根据Davidsson等人开展的后碰撞台车志愿者试验数据对该颈部肌肉模型进行了验证.结果表明，肌肉激活状态下与未激活时比较，头部质心相对T1位移减小了12 mm，头部角位移减小了4°，肌肉主动力影响显著.该模型的数值模拟结果与志愿者试验结果吻合较好，模型具有较高的生物逼真度，可应用于后碰撞中的乘员颈部损伤研究.

关键词：肌肉主动力；汽车后碰撞；颈部损伤；生物力学；有限元模型

中图分类号：R318.01 文献标识码：A

Abstract：The aim of the present study was to develop and validate an FE model of neck muscle system according to human anatomy structure in order to analyze the influence of neck muscle activation on head-neck dynamic responses and biomechanical responses under rear impact loading condition. A three-dimensional neck muscle model was developed on the basis of the MRI data of a 50th percentile male. The model was then combined with a previously developed and well-validated head-neck FE model in Kriging method. The passive and active behavior of a single neck muscle was defined by coupling Ogden and Hill material models. The neck muscle FE model was validated through volunteer tests of rear-impact conducted in Chalmers University of Technology. The result has shown that， compared with non-activation muscle behavior， the displacement of head CDG to T1 decreases by 12mm while the angle displacement decreases by 4°， which indicates the significant effect of muscle activation on head kinetic responses. The head-neck dynamic responses from the simulations are consistent with the test results. The current neck muscle FE model is of a good biofidelity and can further be used for occupant neck biomechanical research in rear impact loading conditions.

Key words：muscle activation；vehicle rear impact；neckinjuries；biomechanics；FE model

乘员颈部损伤是交通事故中的常见损伤.据统计，约85%以上的颈部损伤发生于低速（ΔV≤25 km/h）追尾碰撞中[1]，其中约98%的颈部损伤属于AIS1级损伤，即轻度损伤[2].但是，挥鞭伤是最为常见的颈部交通伤，在事故发生初期往往难以发现或者损伤轻微，而随着时间积累，这种损伤会慢慢加重甚至造成继发性损伤，对人体危害严重[3].由于目前对于颈部挥鞭伤的损伤机理仍未能清楚认知，国内外研究者对颈部损伤进行了大量的深入研究，并逐步开始重视颈……