非满载液罐车侧倾稳定性模型研究
2016-10-08于迪李显生刘宏飞郑雪莲徐艺
于迪 李显生 刘宏飞 郑雪莲 徐艺



摘 要:为了解决非满载液罐车在转向过程中侧倾稳定性差的问题,建立了非满载液罐车罐内液体冲击等效机械模型及整车运动学模型, 运用流固动力学耦合原理对两者进行耦合.运用此模型对5种不同尺寸比例的椭圆形截面罐体进行数值仿真试验,结果表明,当椭圆长轴(2a)与短轴(2b)之比为1.5时,液罐车所受罐内液体冲击力及力矩最小,具有较好的侧倾稳定性.研究结果为液罐车行车侧倾稳定性的研究和整车设计,提供了理论和技术支持.
关键词:液体冲击;非满载液罐车;侧倾稳定性;等效机械模型;罐体尺寸
中图分类号:U469.5 文献标识码:A
Abstract:In order to solve bad roll stability problem of partially-filled tanker in the process of steering, the liquid sloshing equivalent mechanical model and the partially filled tanker vehicle motion model were developed. Two models were coupled by dynamics of solid-fluid interaction. Five different size proportions of elliptical tankers cross section were selected to simulate, it is concluded that the tanker has better roll stability because it has minimum sloshing force and moment, when long axis (2a) and short axis (2b) of the elliptical is the ratio of 1.5. The results provide technical support for the tankers driving roll stability research and vehicle design.
Key words:liquid sloshing; partially-filled tank truck; roll stability; equivalent mechanical model; tank size
非满载液罐车发生侧翻事故将会引起严重后果,具有影响范围大、程度深、人员伤亡严重、环境破坏剧烈的特点,因此解决非满载液罐车侧倾稳定性差的问题显得尤为重要[1].发生在高速公路上的液罐车交通事故比重较大,大多发生在转弯路段[1].研究发现,与固体货物不同,液体货物具有易变形和流动特性,罐车在非满载状态下有较大的自由流动空间,这使得罐内液体晃动成为了可能[2-3].罐内液体质心高度和侧向载荷转移量大小是影响非满载液罐车的侧倾稳定性的重要因素[4-5].
许多学者做了非满载罐车的侧倾稳定性研究.Popov等[6]为了优化椭圆形截面液罐车的尺寸参数,对基于液体质心高度的倾覆力矩进行了研究,研究表明侧覆力矩的改善有利于提高液罐车……
