南薇 王颖纯 刘燕权

摘 要：公共图书馆将3D打印技术融入到图书馆服务当中已成为当前趋势。通过对美国110所公共图书馆网站访查调研，发现54%以上受访图书馆至少拥有一台3D打印机；43%以上图书馆将3D打印机应用于图书馆项目，40%的图书馆将3D打印机应用于创客空间；34 %以上图书馆制定了关于如何使用3D打印机的规章制度，其中如何收取打印费用问题是最受关注的制度之一。最后调研了我国公共图书馆3D打印服务及政策的应用现状，通过比较中美两国的应用现状，提出了发展我国图书馆3D打印服务的规范技术应用、提高3D技术认知度、培养技术人员、建立制度规范等建议。

关键词：3D打印技术；创客空间；美国公共图书馆

中图分类号： G259.712 文献标识码： A DOI：10.11968/tsyqb.1003-6938.2016063

The Latest Research of 3D Printing Services and Policy Issues in American Public Libraries

Abstract With popularity of digital intelligent technology as well as users' increasing demand， it becomes a current trend for public library to incorporate 3D printing technology into the service. This study is based on data collected from America's one hundred and ten urban public libraries' web sites that over 54% of the libraries now have at least one 3D printer， 43% implements the 3D printing services into their library projects or programs， 40% have 3D printers as part of their Makerspaces， and 34% of the library developed certain rules and regulations on the use of 3D printers， as well as policies on service charges. In order to understand 3D printers in public libraries in the United States， this study also conducted a preliminary investigation of 3D printing service in China's public libraries， hoping to help our researchers and librarians aware of the differences between two country libraries as well as challenges and issues we all commonly face concerning the services of 3D printing in libraries.

Key words 3D printing； Makerspace； public library in the United States

1 引 言

3D打印技术，又称为增材制造技术，是一种将三维对象通过逐层铺设连续材料层的方式来构造物体的过程[1]。目前，许多图书馆都提供兼具扫描、复印、打印、拷贝、共享、下载和保存等多种功能的打印一体机。通常将提供类似于3D打印技术等的智能化服务独立空间或者技术创新交流平台称为创客空间（Makerspace）[2]。创客空间发端于世纪之交的欧洲，是社会创造性群体利用最新的软硬件技术进行交流与合作，以此来改变社会的创新方式。创客空间通常具备以下元素：（1）在电脑、技术、科学或数字化艺术等领域具备共同兴趣的人；（2）人与人之间的聚合、社交及协作；（3）空间内的软硬件资源服务及创新引导、辅助服务[3]。3D技术作为创客空间服务项目之一，需要有专业人员指导如何使用这一新技术，并且需要制定出使用这项服务的政策规定。……