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老年人轻度认知功能障碍护理干预效果的系统评价

2016-08-30吕美娜孟怡辰

实用医药杂志 2016年7期
关键词:老年人效果功能

吕美娜,孟怡辰



护理

老年人轻度认知功能障碍护理干预效果的系统评价

吕美娜,孟怡辰

目的从循证医学的角度评价护理干预对老年轻度认知功能障碍(MCI)患者的效果。方法检索Pubmed、中国期刊网、万方数据库,收集符合纳入标准的轻度老年认知功能障碍者护理干预项目随机对照试验,并进行文献质量评鉴和数据提取,用RevMan5.0.24软件对这些文献进行Meta分析。采用χ2检验分析各研究结果间的统计学异质性。选用随机效应模型,以加权均数差为效应量进行合并分析。结果纳入Meta分析的文献共有13篇,累计干预组961例,对照组1145例。MMSE、MoCA的合并效应量WMD及95%CI分别为2.76(1.56,3.96)、ADL的合并效应量SMD及95%CI为-0.54(-1.52,0.44)。结论护理干预可明显改善老年轻度认知功能障碍者日常生活能力,改善认知功能,提高生活质量。

老年人;轻度认知障碍;护理干预;循证医学;系统评价;Meta分析

[Abstract]ObjectiveFrom the view on evidence-based medicine to evaluate the efficacy of nursing intervention in elder patients with mild cognitive impairment(MCI).MethodsAuthors searched Pubmed network,China Journal Net,WanFang DATA entire library,collected met the inclusion criteria for MCI,in the elderly nursinginterventionsrandomizedcontrolledtrials,andconductedqualityassessmentofliteratureanddata extraction,by using RevMan5.0.24 Software for meta-analysis of these documents.And by using χ2analysis the statistical heterogeneity between the results was studied.A random effects model was chosen,the weighted average number of effect sizes was analyzed together.ResultsMeta-analysis of the literature results enrolled a total of 13,a total of 961 cases of the intervention group and 1145 cases of the control group.MMSE,MoCA combined effect of the amount of WMD and 95%CI were 2.76(1.56,3.96),ADL combined effect size SMD and 95%CI,-0.54(-1.52,0.44).ConclusionNursing intervention can significantly enhance the elder patients with MCI in daily living skills and improving cognitive function,thus uplift their quality of life.

[Key words]The elderly;Mild cognitive impairment;Nursing interventions;Systematic evaluation;Evidencebased medicine;Meta analysis

随着年龄增长及老化的进展,老年人的全身各脏器功能衰退,老年人的认知功能在衰退之列,认知功能障碍是老年人常见的疾病。据调查显示,国内的发生率在1.31%~11.36%,并且还在高速的增长。刘瑞华等[1]认为认知功能障碍是介于正常衰老和痴呆之间的一种认知损伤,是不稳定的状态,转为痴呆的可能性极高。老年人的认知功能进行性退变,在已经功能障碍以后很难恢复正常,通常花费很长的时间做功能重建,但效果不明显。近年来,人们的视野聚焦在介于正常功能与认知功能障碍之间的轻度认知功能障碍(mild cognitive impairment,MCI)。通过对轻度认知功能障碍阶段的有效干预,延缓认知功能障碍的进展,提高老年人的生活质量。……

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