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护理本科生临床实习各阶段应激状况的纵向研究

方芳

目的探讨护理本科生临床实习不同阶段压力源及应激水平的变化，为教学及实习提供依据和帮助。方法采用问卷调查的方法，应用《感知应激量表》对临床实习的45名四年制护理本科生不同阶段压力源和应激水平进行调查。数据采用SPSS17.0进行处理，计量资料采用均数±标准差表示，三个时期压力水平的比较采用重复测量方差分析法。结果护理本科生实习全过程中面临的最主要的压力源是源于照顾患者的应激，其次为源于缺少专业知识和技能的应激；应激水平呈明显下降趋势。结论应在不同阶段对护理本科生压力源进行有针对性的心理指导，采取相应的应对措施，帮助护理本科生调节心理状态，以便提高教学及临床实习效果。

护理本科生；临床实习；阶段；压力；应激

［Abstract］ObjectiveTo explore the changes of stress and stress levels at different stages of clinical practice of undergraduate nursing students，so as to provide basis and help for their teaching and practice. MethodsUsing a method of questionnaire survey，Perceived Stress Scale was adopted by the 45 clinical practice nursing students from four years college at different stages in order to investigate their pressure source and stress level.This paper adopts the SPSS17.0 statistical software for data analysis，the measurement data were expressed by mean±standard deviation，and the stress level in the three periods were compared with repeated measures analysis of variance analysis.ResultsThe main pressure source of undergraduate nursing students in the whole process of clinical practice was the stress of taking care of patients，and the second was the stress of the insufficient professional knowledge and skills，and the stress level was obviously decreased.ConclusionThe pressure sources of nursing students should be targeted at different stages，and the corresponding measures should be taken to help them to adjust the psychological state so that improve the teaching and clinical practice.

［Key words］Undergraduate nursing students；Clinical practice；Stage；Pressure；Stress

护理本科生临床实习期间会遇到各种各样的压力，既有来自临床工作的压力，也有来自实习生活的压力，而护理本科专业学生是一个比较特殊的群体，有着较高的知识与技能水平，对自己有较高的期望，因此内心会产生与一般护理专科生不同的应激。了解他们的心理状态，缓解实习压力就成为刻不容缓的问题。在临床实习的不同阶段，护理本科生面临的环境和学业任务可能会不同，只有了解各时期护理本科生面临的主要压力源，才能够制定切实的实习计划，帮助护理本科生缓解心理压力，正确解决实习过程中遇到的问题，从而提高教学成效。……