祁虹 王树林 王燕 张谦 冯国艺 林永增 梁青龙

摘 要：试验采用随机区组设计，研究了粮棉轮作种植模式与土壤深翻对棉花生长发育及产量性状的影响。结果表明，轮作促进了棉花的营养生长与生殖生长，无论是在旋耕条件下还是在深翻条件下，棉花株高、真叶数、果枝数、蕾铃数、单铃质量均较连作有不同程度提高，籽棉产量在旋耕与深翻条件下分别较连作提高4.5%与2.6%。土壤深翻前期抑制棉花生长，棉花株高、真叶数均低于旋耕处理，但棉花中后期优势明显，果枝数、单株成铃数、单铃质量均高于旋耕处理，籽棉产量在连作与轮作条件下分别较旋耕处理提高4.0%与2.1%。粮棉轮作与土壤深翻相结合是提高棉花产量的有效措施。

关键词：粮棉轮作；土壤深翻；棉花生育；产量

中图分类号：S562 文献标识码：A DOI 编码：10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2016.08.029

Abstract： Adopting randomized block design，the effects of wheat-maize-cotton rotation system and soil deep ploughing on cotton development traits and yield was studied. The results showed that rotation promoted vegetative and reproductive growth of cotton， and the plant height， true leaves， fruit branches， squares and bolls， boll weight were all increased in rotary tillage and deep ploughing. Cotton yield was increased by 4.5% and 2.6% compared with succession cropping under rotary tillage and deep ploughing conditions respectively. Deep ploughing restrained cotton growth in early stage， and the plant height， true leaves were lower than that of rotary tillage， but in middle and late stage cotton growth showed obvious superiority， and fruit branches， bolls per plant， boll weight of deep ploughing were higher than that of rotary tillage. Cotton yield was increased by 4.0% and 2.1% compared with rotary tillage under succession cropping and rotation conditions respectively. Wheat-maize-cotton rotation system combined with deep ploughing was effective measures to increase cotton yield.

Key words： wheat-maize-cotton rotation system；deep ploughing；cotton development；yield

河北省既是种粮大省，也是植棉大省，粮棉争地矛盾历来十分突出[1-2]。近年来，随着国家对粮食安全问题的日益重视，如何增加粮食产量成为人们关注的热点话题，河北省中南部地区为传统旱地棉花产区，棉花长期连作导致棉花生产出现诸多问题，一是土壤中枯萎病、黄萎病等致病菌数量积累引起的棉花早衰、减产[3-4]，二是传统的旋耕方式导致犁底层变浅，土壤通透性降低，影响棉花根系下扎，同时土壤蓄水、供水能力下降[5-7]，三是土壤养分主要集中在上部耕层，垂直分布不均衡，且田间杂草危害严重[8-10]。随着水利条件的改善，该地区具备了种植粮食的生产条件，但受水资源限制[11]，完全改种粮食仍存在地下水供给不足的问题。……