天津市2016年春季农业气象条件分析
2016-08-16郭晶陈跃浩马宁
郭晶++陈跃浩++马宁



摘 要:根据天津市13个固定气象站的观测资料,分析2016年春季天津市的气温、日照、降水3个气象要素的变化趋势和特点,并与历史同期气候条件进行对比,分析春季农业气象条件对玉米、冬小麦等大田作物和设施农业的影响,得出“春季气温持续偏高,日照充足,降水偏少,发生阶段性干旱,无倒春寒、干热风等农业气象灾害,农业气象条件属偏好年份”的结论,同时提出相应的农事生产建议。
关键词:春季;农业气象条件;玉米;冬小麦;设施农业
中图分类号:S161 文献标识码:A DOI 编码:10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2016.08.015
Abstract: According to the observational data of 13 meteorological stations in Tianjin, the characteristics and trend of temperature, sunshine and precipitation were analyzed and compared with the same period in history. The effect of agro-meteorological conditions in spring on maize, winter wheat and other field crops and facility agriculture were analyzed.The conclusions included that from March to May, temperatures were above average and sunshine was sufficient continuously. Periodic drought was happened due to lack of precipitation. Late spring cold and dry-hot wind did not occur during whole spring. In the end, the suggestions of agricultural production were proposed.
Key words: spring; agro-meteorological conditions; maize; winter wheat; facility agriculture
1 2016年春季气候概况
如图1所示,2016年春季天津市全市平均气温15.4 ℃,较常年偏高2.0 ℃,是1961年以来历史同期第2高值。3月全市平均气温9.0 ℃,较常年偏高3.1 ℃。4月全市平均气温16.2 ℃,较常年偏高2.0 ℃。5月全市平均气温21.1 ℃,较常年偏高1.0 ℃。
如图2所示,全市春季平均降水量48.0 mm,较常年偏少33%。各区县降水量40.7(津南)~56.8 mm(蓟县),距平百分率-43%(宁河)~-17%(宝坻)。3月全市基本无降水,4月全市平均降水量7.5 mm,较常年偏少6成以上,5月全市平均降水量40.5 mm,接近常年;空间上总体呈北多南少的分布趋势。
如图3所示,全市春季平均日照时数为791.5 h,较常年偏多69.9 h。各区县日照时数为731.2(宁河)~833.2 h(宝坻),除滨海新区北部偏少13.5 h以外,其余区县均不同程度偏多。季内各月日照均较常年不同程度偏多。
2 2016年夏季气候预测
如图5和图6所示:预计2016年夏季(6—8月)天津市降水略偏少,北部地区340~400 mm(北部地区多年平均431.5 mm),中南部和东部地区300~360 mm(中南部地区多年平均347.4 mm;东部地区376.9 mm);全市气温略偏高,季平均气温26 ℃左右(北部地区多年平均25.6 ℃;……
