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保兑仓融资收益共享合约的优化研究

2016-08-10余卓亭王军

物流科技 2016年4期

余卓亭 王军

摘 要:文章以资金约束型供应链为研究对象,销售商运营资金不足为研究背景,讨论了保兑仓业务中销售商在银行给出不同条件时的订货量决策。分别从银行、销售商以及二者合作的角度对保兑仓融资业务进行分析。结论表明银行可通过适当调低利率的方式与销售商签订收益共享合约,以刺激销售商提高订货量从而增加融资,最终使共同利润增加,实现共赢。

关键词:供应链金融;保兑仓;质押率;收益共享合约

中图分类号:F275.6 文献标识码:A

Abstract: In this paper, we considered a finance-constrained supply chain of a retailer and a bank, and we discuss the retailers' order decisions in the case of confirmed warehouse when faced different conditions from the bank under the condition of the insufficiency of retailers' operating capital. The business of confirmed warehouse is analyzed from the angles of the bank, retailer as well as the two cooperate respectively. It is proved that the bank could sign revenue-sharing contract with the retailer through a way of lower rate in order to stimulate retailer increase order quantity and loan amount. As the result, it makes mutual profit increased and achieved win-win situation.

Key words: supply-chain finance; confirmed warehouse; loan-to-value ratios; revenue-shared contract

0 引 言

随着经济全球化的不断发展,企业面临的竞争越来越激烈,尤其是中小企业资金实力薄弱,融资压力较大。银行在无法有效判断融资合法性、合规性,以及偿还能力真实性的情况下,不愿为中小企业融资;银行在企业信用不足、承担较大风险的情况下,会提高融资利率。这使得中小企业融资难、融资贵成为常态。近年来,国内外众多金融机构纷纷与物流企业合作,推出了供应链金融业务。为了解决这一难题,作为供应链金融的重要方式之一,保兑仓融资业务利用核心企业的信用为中小企业融资,核心企业(供应商)、融资企业(销售商)、银行和仓储监管方(物流企业)四方签订保兑仓融资契约。融资企业缴纳保证金,核心企业提供回购担保,物流企业提供仓储监管服务,银行开立银行承兑汇票。保兑仓将供应链的某一段看成一个整体,既为中小企业融资提供了方便,又能降低银行贷款风险。……

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