郭晓红

延续护理对缺血性脑卒中患者基础体征及复发率的影响

郭晓红

【摘要】目的探讨延续性护理对缺血性脑卒中患者基础体征及复发率的影响。方法选取2013年1月～2014年6月我院收治的缺血性脑卒中患者94例为研究对象，采用随机数表法分为观察组和对照组，各47例。所有患者住院期间均进行全面的缺血性脑卒中教育和护理，对照组出院后1周采取常规门诊随访模式，观察组在此基础上按照Essen评分分级设计为期5个月的个体化延续护理方案，定期检测患者心率（HR）、收缩压（SBP）、舒张压（DBP），比较出院后3个月、6个月两组HR、SBP、DBP变化及1年内复发率。结果延续护理干预5个月后，两组基础体征均得到改善（P＜0.05），观察组出院后3个月、6个月HR、SBP、DBP分别为［（68.4±0.2）次/min、（110.8±0.7）mm Hg、（70.5±4.1）mm Hg］、［（65.4±0.3）次/min、（94.3±3.5）mm Hg、（67.5±0.7）mm Hg］，均低于对照组（P＜0.05）；出院后1年内观察组复发率8.5%低于对照组34.1%（P＜0.05）。结论延续性护理可有效改善缺血性脑卒中患者基础体征，降低脑卒中复发率，对提升预后有重要意义。

【关键词】延续护理；缺血性脑卒中；体征；复发率

Objective To explore the effect of continuous nursing on basic signs and recurrence rate of patients with ischemic stroke.Methods 94 patients with ischemic stroke who were treated in our hospital between January 2013 to June 2014 were selected as study objects and were divided into observation group and control group by the random number table method，47 cases in each.All patients were given comprehensive education and nursing of ischemic strokeduring hospitalization.1 week after discharge，the control group was followed up by outpatient clinic.On the basis，according to the Essen scoring grade，a period of 5 months of individualized nursing care plan was designed for the observation group.The heart rate（HR），systolic blood pressure（SBP）and diastolic blood pressure（DBP）were measured at regular intervals.The changes of HR，SBP and DBP at 3 and 6 months after discharge and recurrence rate in 1 year were compared between the two groups.Results After 5 months of continuous nursing intervention，the basic signs of the observation group were improved.3 and 6 months after discharge，HR，SBP and DBP of the observation group［（68.4±0.2）times/min，（110.8±0.7）mm Hg，（70.5±4.1）mm Hg；（65.4±0.3）times/min，（94.3±3.5）mm Hg，（67.5±0.7）mm Hg］were significantly lower than those of the control group（P＜0.05）.The recurrence rate（8.5%）in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group（34.1%）in 1 years after discharge（P＜0.05）.Conclusion Continuous nursing can effectively improve the basic signs of patients with ischemic stroke，reduce the recurrence rate of stroke，which is of great significance in improving prognosis.

【Key words】Continuous nursing，Ischemic stroke，Signs；Recurrence rate

脑卒中又称中风，高发病率、高致死率、高致残率和高复发率使其成为全球关注的焦点之一，其中缺血性脑卒中是常见类型，主要由颈内动脉和椎动脉闭塞与狭窄所致，占所有脑卒中60%～70%，在氧化应激作用下，脑组织长期处于缺血缺氧状态而严重受损，对患者身心健康产生不利影响［1］。随我国医疗水平不断提高，脑卒中死亡率有所下降，但老年人群作为好发群体，因教育程度与经济状况等影响，出院后往往放松自我管理，治……