徐晨珏

伴随着近几年江苏省英语高考卷的出炉，我们不难看出，英语这门学科对学生的要求越来越高，尤其是在阅读理解这一方面。2013、2014年的阅读普遍反映文章长且难，2015年的文章学生都能看得懂，但在完成题目上却并非易事。因此，学生单单掌握较多的词汇是远远不够的，同等重要的是对篇章的理解，尤其是对长难句的处理。接下来，我们将结合题目，向大家介绍几种常见但却非常实用的长难句解题的技巧。对于长难句的处理，最重要的就是分清主干和分支。那么，如何做到呢？

一、抓住标点符号，巧妙剔除成分

首先，先来观察一组句子：

（1）Using the latest laser-scan machine，researchers from English

Heritage—an organization that advise the government about maintaining historic sites in Britain—carefully studied every inch of every stone in the structure， and found something that no one else had noticed.

（2）Brent Weiss， owner of Uncle Dans，an outdoor-gear retailer with locations in Chicago，Evanston and Highland Park，said he was more selective about the workers that he hires.

在第一句中，“an organization that advise the government about maintain historic sites in Britain”是对前面English Heritage的具体解释说明，因此，在抓住句子主干的时候可以忽略。而这部分是由破折号来连接的；同理，在第二句中，“owner of...in Chicago，Evanston and Highland Park”也是对前面Brent Weiss的解释，也可以删去，而这部分则是由逗号来连接的。通过这两个例子，我们可以看出：在长难句中，为了抓住句子的主干，有时候我们可以通过特殊的标点符号（如：逗号用来隔开同位语，破折号用来隔开插入语等）来省略一些部分。

例1.For Wade，Miami Heat guard，breaking the cycle of “babies having babies” —one that he says ran in his family and his African-American community—was at first a priority（优先考虑的事） and then a challenge.

Q：What did Wade think of the cycle of“babies having babies”？

A.He wished he could get away from it.

B.He thought it was reasonable in African-American community.

C.He thought it was a challenge to adapt to it.

D.He wanted to follow the tradition that ran in his family.

【解题】把破折号后面的成分“one...community”忽略，由此句子主干是breaking the cycle was at first a priority and then a challenge，得知：打破对于他而言是优先考虑的事情，因此选择A。

二、找寻修饰部分，分清主干分支

再来看一个句子：

Speaking on a radio talk show this morning，Dr. Chow said the separation of poultry（家禽） from humans policy，which will be determined after a decision whether to set up a central slaughtering（屠宰） house or several regional ones，would be based on the demand for live chickens.

在这句话里，为了快速抓住句子的主干，我们可以忽略speaking on a radio talk show this morning，which will be determined after a decision whether to set up a central slaughtering house or several regional ones，从而得出句子的主干：Dr. Chow said the separation of poultry from humans policy would be based on the demand for live chickens。了解了忽略部分在句中所起的作用后，我们得出如下结论：起到修饰作用的成分一般都可以忽略，如：从句、非谓语动词、形容词（短语）、介词短语等。……