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我国女子标枪运动员技术特征与训练特点研究

2016-07-27王立冬曲淑华

山东体育学院学报 2016年4期

王立冬+曲淑华

摘要:运用文献资料法、跟踪法、访谈法及录像分析法,对国家队以及国内优秀运动员技术特征与国际优秀运动员进行对比。研究结果显示,与国际优秀运动员相比,国内运动员在出手参数方面仍存在一定差距,运动员出手速度偏低,出手速度是决定运动成绩的重要因素但不是唯一因素;出手角度呈偏大趋势;躯干倾角过小、冲量步过小而制动步过大,膝关节角度与国际优秀运动员一致。外教对标枪技术的理解与训练理念值得我们学习,研究主要从“旋转”掷标枪技术、肩关节力量训练、运动员发力顺序以及训练特征四个方面加以介绍。

关键词:女子标枪;技术特征;外教;训练理念

中图分类号:G824.3 文献标识码:A 文章编号:10062076(2016)04009106

Abstract:Chinese female javelin throwers have achieved great results both in Inchon Asia Games and Beijing World Championships, Zhang Li winning the gold medal in Asia Games, and Lv Huihui winning the silver medal in World Championships. Foreign javelin coaches training theory and understanding on technique had a deep influence on Chinese athletes. By using literature review, tracing method, interview and videotapes, this paper made a comparison on the technique characteristics of domestic and international elite female javelin throwers. The results show that there is still a gap in release parameters between domestic athletes and international elite athletes. The release velocity is a decisive element to distance rather than the only parameter; Chinese athletes release velocity is slow. Release angle tends to be larger, angle of trunk and impulse step are small while the delivery step is too long. In view of the above, we need to have a deep understanding on foreign coaches technique and training theory, and this paper mainly introduce the four aspects: rotational throwing, shoulder joint strength training, force sequence and training characteristics.

Key words: elite female javelin thrower; technique feature; foreign coach; training theory

女子标枪曾是我国的优势项目,取得了一系列的好成绩,但自2000年后与世界先进水平相比差距逐年拉大。直到最近几年,随着国家对标枪的重视以及世界著名教练员克劳斯(2011年)与霍恩(2013年底)的到来,我国女子标枪项目的运动成绩才有了明显上升趋势。2012年国家队集训队员一年内成绩出现大幅提升,多人创造个人最好成绩和纪录。吕会会在4月份创造64.95米好成绩;张莉在2012年4月份创造64.74米个人最好成绩;李玲蔚在6月份创造65.11米的个人最好成绩;2014年17届亚会中国选手张莉打破亚运会纪录的同时,再一次创造个人最好成绩65.47米;2015年北京田径世锦赛吕会会以66.13米夺得世锦赛银牌同时打破亚洲纪录。外教的训练理念以及对技术的理解是我国运动员近年来不断取得好成绩的关键,但同时也应看到国内多数运动员的成绩始终难以实现突破。……

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