蔡艺

摘要：燕射礼为周代射礼之一，东周以后渐为消陨，各代礼典亦鲜有辑录。然而在两千余年后的朝鲜半岛，燕射礼却得以复行。从史料记载来看，朝鲜王朝施行的3次燕射礼并非完全遵循周代礼制，其“燕礼”部分由《仪礼·燕礼》损益而成，射礼环节则是在参照宋代“九射格”基础上，融合朝鲜仪礼制度创制而成。崇儒尚礼的文治主义是燕射礼得以东传的历史背景，朝鲜统治者所推行的燕射礼不仅是其协调君臣关系、确立统治秩序并以此教化民众的工具，亦是明亡清替后，彰显其中华正统，实现“以夷易华”的历史需要。

关键词：体育史；朝鲜；燕射礼

中图分类号：G811.9 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1006-2076（2016）04-0065-05

Abstract：Ritual of Banquet-Archery means that a Ritual of Archery is practiced by emperor or dukes of Zhou Dynasty together with their inferiors， envoys and guests after the Ritual of Banquet.It was deducted to none in the dynasties following the East Zhou Dynasty， and was not included in Ritual Standards of these dynasties.Two thousand years later， however， Ritual of Banquet-Archery was recovered in Korean Peninsula.According to historical recordings， Ritual of Banquet-Archery was practiced three times in Korea Era， but not completely following the etiquette of Zhou Dynasty.In Korea， the banquet part was based on Etiquette： Ritual of Banquet with additions and omissions， while the archery part was a combination of Korean etiquette and the "Nine She ge" archery recorded in the works of Sima Guang in Song Dynasty.The civil administration， which upheld Confucianism and etiquette， was a historical reason that Ritual of Banquet-Archery could be spread to the east.The Ritual of Banquet-Archery practiced by Korean administrators played the roles of coordinating the monarch-subject relationship， establishing a ruling order and civilizing people with such order.At the same time， when the Ming Dynasty was replaced by the Qing Dynasty， it was also a historic demand for highlighting the orthodox of Han Nationality and realizing "replacement of Han Nationality by another nationality".

Key words： history of sport； Korean； Ritual of Banquet

燕射礼是中国古代射礼之一，东周以降渐湮史河。然而两千余年后，燕射礼却在朝鲜半岛得以复行。朝鲜①王朝为何施行燕射礼，所行燕射礼是沿袭周制还是另有所辟，对上述问题的释答，可以还原燕射礼东传朝鲜半岛的历史，有助于我们了解中国传统文化对朝鲜半岛体育所产生的影响。

1 燕射礼的东国传衍

燕射礼是周天子或诸侯与臣下、使臣、宾客等在燕礼后进行的射礼，包含燕礼和射礼两个部分。“古者诸侯之射也，必先行燕礼。卿大夫之射也，必先行乡饮酒之礼。故燕礼者，所以明君臣之义也。乡饮酒礼者，所以明长幼之序也。[1]1686”春秋以降，礼崩乐坏，西周盛行的三射礼②中，宾射礼与燕射礼渐为消陨。先秦儒家典籍《仪礼》中只载有“乡射礼”和“大射”两篇。关于燕射礼，仅有“若射，则大射正为司射，如乡射之礼”[2]1016的只言片语。……