我国优秀双杠运动员成套动作编排特征与创编设计研究
2016-07-27曲鲁平靳庆伟于建成王冠寅陶岩王
曲鲁平+靳庆伟+于建成+王冠寅+陶岩+王健



摘要:运用文献资料法、录像观察法,以近6届世界体操锦标赛和1届奥运会双杠决赛我国运动员成套动作的编排特征为研究对象,分析其动作编排结构、编排难度、编排动作总数及编排优势组别特征。研究表明:1)我国优秀双杠运动员成套动作结构中选用一杠或两杠上的悬垂大摆类动作作为优势难度动作组别,较少选用挂臂支撑开始类动作;2)我国优秀双杠运动员在难度动作的选择上,“D”组难度动作是首选,其次为“F”“G”难度动作;3)我国优秀运动员完成成套动作的动作数量为14~16个,且动作总数与D分成正比例关系。根据运动员的竞技水平、参赛目标要求及动作创编的难度价值,创编了3套针对不同水平运动员的双杠成套动作,为教练员和运动员提供可借鉴的创编思路和参考案例。
关键词:竞技体操;优秀运动员;双杠;动作编排;动作难度
中图分类号:G832.4 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1006-2076(2016)04-0085-06
Abstract:This paper used the methods of literature review and video analysis to analyze the building-up characteristics of Chinese elite parallel bar athletes in the past six World Championships and London Olympics during 2009-2015, including movement arrangement structure, difficulty, number of movements and advantage group features.Accordingly, three sets of parallel bars movement cases are composed.Study show that 1) elite athletes usually take one bar or two bars on the big swing class movement as advantage group, and hanging supporting start movement is less used.2) For the difficulty choice, "D" difficulty movement is preferred, followed by "F" and "G" difficulty movement.3) The total number of movements are between the optimum value of 14 to 16, and the number has a positive relationship with "D".According to the athletes' ability, game goal, composing movement difficulty value, three sets of parallel bars movements are composed for athletes of different level, providing athletes and coaches with a case reference for the devising ideas and improving the application of research.
Key words:gymnastics; elite gymnast; parallel bars; movement building-up; movement difficulty
双杠是我国竞技体操项目重要的夺金点[1],曾经20多次问鼎世界冠军。随着李小鹏、杨威等一批世界级运动员的退役,如何保持我国双杠项目的优势地位,在大赛中取得优异成绩是我们关注的焦点。本研究对2009-2015年7次世界大赛双杠项目决赛中我国运动员完成的成套动作进行分析,分析其成套动作的编排特征,探讨其成套动作编排的特征与规律,旨在为我国体操教练员和运动员提供参考。
1 研究对象与方法
1.1 研究对象
2009、2010、2011、2013、2014和2015年世界体操锦标赛和2012年奥运会双杠项目决赛中我国运动员的成套动作。……
