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TP—ELISA法检测梅毒特异性抗体灰区内结果分析

2016-07-26李亦君陈雪蒋瑞心

中国实用医药 2016年16期

李亦君 陈雪 蒋瑞心

【摘要】 目的 分析酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)法检测梅毒螺旋体(TP)特异性抗体时, 检测数据在灰区范围内的结果。方法 15181份血清标本经ELISA 法筛查梅毒特异性抗体, 以临界值(cutoff)±20%为灰区即吸光度/临界值(s/co)在0.8~1.2区间内, 0.8~1.0为低值灰区, 1.0~1.2为高值灰区, 初筛吸光度(OD)值在灰区的标本应用TP明胶颗粒凝集试验(TPPA)法进行确认。结果 15181份标本中有96份标本数值落在灰区内, 96份中低值灰区 59份, 高值灰区 37份 。15181份标本最终确认为阳性 233份, 阳性率为1.53%(233/15181), 其中灰区内标本确认阳性 25份, 占灰区标本的 26.04%(25/96), 占总阳性标本的 10.73%(25/233);71份确认阴性, 占灰区标本的 73.96%(71/96)。灰区内标本进行 TPPA复检 25份阳性中, 低值灰区 8份, 占灰区阳性数的 32.00%(8/25), 高值灰区 17份, 占灰区阳性数的68.00%(17/25)。低值灰区 TPPA稀释度为 1∶80、1∶160、1∶320、1∶640、1∶1280时标本数分别为3、2、1、0、2份, 高值灰区标本数分别为6、4、3、2、2份。结论 ELISA法检测TP抗体, OD值处于灰区的, 不能单纯以高于cutoff值判定阳性, 低于cutoff值作为判定阴性的标准, 应该进行TPPA复检。

【关键词】 梅毒螺旋体;特异性抗体;酶联免疫吸附试验;灰区

DOI:10.14163/j.cnki.11-5547/r.2016.16.005

【Abstract】 Objective To analysis detection data in gray zone of treponema pallidum (TP) specific antibody by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Methods ELISA was applied to detect TP specific antibody in 15181 serum samples, and cutoff±20% as gray zone. In absorbance/cutoff (s/co) as 0.8~1.2, low value gray zone was 0.8~1.0 and high value gray zone was 1.0~1.2. Treponema pallidum particle assay (TPPA) was applied to confirm samples with gray zone optical delnsityin preliminary screening. Results There were totally 96 samples with value in gray zone among 15181 samples. Among the 96 cases, 59 cases were in low value gray zone and 37 cases in high value gray zone. There were 233 confirmed positive cases among 15181 cases, with positive rate as 1.53% (233/15181), including 25 confirmed positive cases in gray zone, accounting for 26.04% (25/96) in gray zone and 10.73% (25/233) in all positive cases, and 71 confirmed negative cases, accounting for 73.96% (71/96) in gray zone. Reexamination by TPPA showed 25 positive cases in gray zone, with 8 cases in low value gray zone, accounting for 32.00% (8/25) in gray zone, and 17 cases in high value gray zone, accounting for 68.00% (17/25) in gray zone. Under TPPA dilution as 1∶80, 1∶160, 1∶320, 1∶640, 1∶1280, sample counts were respectively 3, 2, 1, 0, 2 in low value gray zone and 6, 4, 3, 2, 2 in high value gray zone. Conclusion In ELISA detection of TP antibody, positive and negative can not be singly determined by gray zone OD value and cutoff value, thus TPPA is necessary in reexamination.

【Key words】 Treponema pallidum; Specific antibody; Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; Gray zone

梅毒是一类慢性接触性传染性疾病[1], 人感染后可以导致全身多组织、器官的损伤和病变, 其病原微生物是TP。近年来, 梅毒在我国的发病呈上升趋势[2, 3]。目前, 用人工培养TP尚未成功[4], 所以临床主要根据血清学检测、既往病史、各种临床表现进行梅毒的诊断。在检测过程中, 因为ELISA法具有灵敏度高、特异性强、适用于大批量检测的优点, 是目前实验室检测梅毒特异性抗体最常用的方法。但同时因为方法学限制, ELISA检测受很多因素影响, 所以结果的判读需要谨慎, 尤其是灰区内结果判读, 可以借助其确认试验——TPPA进行辅助判定。……

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