光聚合壳聚糖基絮凝剂及其絮凝性能
2016-07-11孙永军任梦娇徐炎华马江雅张鹏朱国成肖雪峰吴慧芳尤朝阳朱成雨
孙永军 任梦娇 徐炎华 马江雅 张鹏 朱国成 肖雪峰 吴慧芳 尤朝阳 朱成雨



摘要:壳聚糖是一种天然碱性氨基多糖物质,其分子上分布着许多功能性的氨基和羟基,使其能成为潜在的高效絮凝剂。采用紫外光引发壳聚糖(CS)与丙烯酰胺(AM)、丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵(DAC)接枝共聚制备P(CS-AD)絮凝剂,探讨了单体浓度、壳聚糖百分比、阳离子度、光引发剂浓度、光照时间对P(CS-AD)的特性粘度的影响,确定了合成的优化条件:单体浓度为30%~40%、壳聚糖百分比为10%~20%、阳离子度为30%~40%、光引发剂浓度为0.3%~0.5%、光照时间为120 min,优化后的制备的P(CS-AD)的特性粘度最高可达1 865 mg/L。同时,采用红外光谱、扫描电镜(SEM)、差热热重分析(TG-DTA)对其进行表征。采用模拟硅藻土水样验证其絮凝性能,试验结果表明:P(CS-AD)的絮凝性能显著优于市售聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)。
关键词:壳聚糖;絮凝剂;紫外光;接枝共聚;絮凝
中图分类号:X703.5;TU991.22
文献标志码:A 文章编号:1674-4764(2016)03-0058-07
Abstract:Chitosan is a natural basic amino polysaccharide substance with many functional amino and hydroxyl groups on the molecular chain. So that it can become a potential flocculant.
P(CS-AD) flocculant is graft copolymerized by chitosan (CS) and acrylamide (AM), acryloyloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (DAC) with UV irradiation. The effects of key factors on the intrinsic viscosity such as monomer concentration, chitosan percentage, cationic degree, photoinitiator concentration, and illumination time are discussed. The optimal synthesis conditions are determined: monomer concentration 30% to 40%, the percentage of chitosan 10%~20%, cationic degree 30%~40%, photoinitiator concentration 0.3%~0.5%, illumination time 120 min. The maximum intrinsic viscosity is 1 865 mg/L after optimization. Infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA) are used to characterize the graft copolymer. Diatomite water samples are used to verify its flocculation performance, and flocculation test results show that P (CS-AD) flocculation performance is significantly better than the commercially available polyacrylamide (PAM).
Keywords:chitosan; flocculant; ultraviolet light; graft copolymerization; flocculation
随着工业化和城市化进程的加快,湖泊和水库接纳了大量工业和生活污水,为藻类的生长和繁殖提供了大量营养,使得天然水体富营养化日益严重。湖泊与水库的富营养化使得水中的藻类等浮游生物大量生长、过度繁殖,导致水质恶化,严重威胁了安全饮用水工程[1-2]。絮凝法在给水处理方法中是最经济、常用、重要的方法之一,作为给水处理的重要的操作单元之一不可或缺,而絮凝剂则是影响絮凝效果的关键因素[3]。
近年来,具有无毒无害、来源广泛、投加量少、受pH值影响小的天然有机高分子絮凝剂受到普遍关注。……
