邓敏 张飞

摘要：分析比较了查表法、环境简图法和黑度法3种确定洞外亮度的方法，发现3种方法均未完全考虑隧道所处区域的环境和光气候条件。为了能快速准确地确定隧道洞外景物亮度，以从莞高速公路的7座隧道为测量对象，通过现场实测，建立了洞外景物亮度与水平面照度之间的关系。在对当地光气候数据进行统计分析的基础上，确定隧道洞外景物亮度标准值、东莞地区隧道洞外典型景物亮度设计参考值，并得到了东莞地区4个朝向隧道洞外典型景物亮度值。

关键词：隧道照明；洞外亮度；景物亮度；水平照度；光气候

中图分类号：TU113.19；U459.2

文献标志码：A 文章编号：1674-4764（2016）03-0118-05

Abstract：Three methods used to determine luminance at tunnel portals were analyzed and compared. The three methods were look-up table method， environment diagram method and blackening method. But these methods didnt fully consider the regional environment of tunnel and luminous climate. In order to rapidly and accurately determine scenery luminance at tunnel portals， measurements were conducted in seven Congguan highway tunnels. Based on the onsite measurements， the relationship between scenery luminance at tunnel portals and horizontal illuminance were established. Statistical analysis on local light climate data were carried out to confirm standard value of luminance at tunnel portals LS and the design reference value of typical scenery luminance at tunnel portals in Dongguan. And typical scenery luminance values of four towards in Dongguan area could be determined.

Keywords：tunnel lighting， adaptation luminance， scenery luminance outside tunnel portals， horizontal illuminance， luminous climate

隧道洞外亮度通常指驾驶员在隧道接近段起点处正对隧道洞口20°视野中景物的平均亮度，一般通过在接近段起点处距地面1.5 m高、正对洞口方向测量20°视场环境的平均亮度值得到，即L20（S）。隧道洞外亮度L20（S）受地理位置、季节、天气等因素的影响难以实际测量得到，因此，不同的组织、国家和地区采用查表法、环境简图法、黑度法等方法来确定洞外景物亮度和洞外亮度L20（S）的值。隧道洞外景物亮度是隧道照明设计过程中确定洞外亮度的基础与前提，为了准确确定隧道洞外亮度L20（S），需要首先确定隧道洞外景物亮度。

查表法是指根据驾驶员20°视野中天空所占百分比、洞口朝向、环境明暗情况、设计行车速度等因素，查表确定L20（S）值。日本[1]、国际照明委员会[2]以及欧盟[3]、英国[4]、美国[5]等都推荐使用该方法。……