用多通道AD分级采集扩展地震数据采集器的动态范围
2016-06-30滕云田胡星星王喜珍王晓美卢红娅王喆张旸
滕云田, 胡星星, 王喜珍, 王晓美, 卢红娅, 王喆, 张旸
中国地震局地球物理研究所, 北京 100081
用多通道AD分级采集扩展地震数据采集器的动态范围
滕云田, 胡星星*, 王喜珍, 王晓美, 卢红娅, 王喆, 张旸
中国地震局地球物理研究所, 北京100081
摘要地震数据采集是地震信号数字化必不可少的环节,动态范围是其一个重要的性能指标.实际地震信号的动态范围在160 dB以上,而目前普遍使用的24位地震数据采集器动态范围相对较小且在50 Hz采样率时最大只达到135 dB,致使24位地震数据采集器在实际使用中对小信号分辨率不够,不能有效提取地震信息;在大地震时又容易使数据采集器出现饱和限幅失真的现象而失去地震监测记录功能.本文针对在地震监测和地震研究中需要具有高分辨率和高动态范围的地震数据采集器这个亟待解决的问题,提出一种采用多通道AD转换器并行分级采集的方法,讨论了通道间失配及其标定.对研制实验样机的测试表明,其动态范围在50 Hz采样时可以达到157 dB以上,线性度优于0.005%.
关键词动态范围; 地震数据采集器; 高分辨率; 通道失配; 标定
In the multi-channel AD converter sample grading method, several ADC channels are put in parallel, and simulated input signals are sent to each channel. Synchronous sampling and digital conversion are made on the full range input signal in each channel with different input voltage ranges in each channel for conversion. Meanwhile, the ranges of measurement and the input range of AD converters are matched by modulating waveforms and electrical level displacements in simulated preprocessing circuits in the front ends of each channel. The results are put out in the format of 32-bits converted digital signals after processing and fitted by the CPU-control process unit and multi switch MUX.

The method of multi-channel AD converter sample grading not only improves the resolution of seismic data acquisition for minor signals, but also enables the acquisition system to record great number of seismic information without saturation in advance to prevent from amplitude limiting. This method can help meet requirements for the large dynamic ranges for data acquisition in seismic monitoring, with low costs and easily to achieve technologically.
1引言
地震数据采集系统是地震信号数字化必不可少的环节,其性能优劣直接关系到最终获得地震信号的质量,并最终影响数据处理结果.对地震数据采集器而言,动态范围是一个极其重要的性能指标(袁子龙和曹广华,2000),它表示采集器在把模拟地震信号转换为数字输出信号的过程中,所能……
