谢秀美+蔡光兰+柏涌海

摘 要 目的：调查奉贤南桥社区3岁幼儿龋齿患病情况，分析母乳、混合及人工喂养等与龋齿发病的相关性。方法：对该社区2012年1月—12月出生的1 270名幼儿进行问卷调查，内容包括喂养方式、生活习惯等相关因素，并进行龋齿检查。结果：1 077名幼儿完成有效问卷及龋齿检查，龋齿患病共476例，患龋率44.2%。母乳喂养患龋率23.1%，明显低于混合喂养的47.8%和人工喂养的75.1%（P<0.05）。龋齿发生也与家庭收入、日常照料、户外活动等因素有关。结论：社区幼儿龋齿的患病率较高，要加强健康教育，提倡母乳喂养，对龋齿进行早诊断，早治疗。

关键词 龋齿 喂养方式 婴幼儿 防治

中图分类号：R788+.1 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1006-1533（2016）10-0060-03

Analysis of the relationship between the prevalence of 3-year-old childrens dental caries and feeding patterns and other factors in Nanqiao Community

XIE Xiumei1，2， CAI Guanglan1， BAI Yonghai3

（1. Nanqiao Community Health Service Center of Fengxian District， Shanghai 201499， China；

2. The Second Military Medical University， Shanghai 200433， China ； 3. Department of Disease Prevention

and Health Care， Changzheng Hospital affiliated to the Second Military Medical University， Shanghai 200003， China）

ABSTRACT Objective： To investigate the prevalence of 3-year-old childrens dental caries in Nanqiao Community of Fengxian District to analyze the correlation between the breastfeeding ， mixed and artificial feedings with the incidence of dental caries. Methods： A questionnaire survey was conducted in 1 270 children born from January to December 2012 in this community， whose content included feeding modes， living habits and other related factors， and the dental caries examination was conducted. Results： 1 077 cases of children completed the questionnaire survey and dental caries examination. 476 cases had dental caries and the caries prevalence rate was 44.2%. The prevalence rate of dental caries in the breastfeeding was 23.1%， which was significantly lower than 47.8% in the mixed feeding and 75.1% in the artificial feeding（P<0.05）. The occurrence of dental caries was also associated with the household income， daily care， outdoor activities and other factors. Conclusion： The prevalence rate of dental caries is higher in the community children， so it is necessary to strengthen the health education， promote the breastfeeding， early diagnose and treat the dental caries.

KEY WORDS dental caries； feeding patterns； infant and young children； prevention and treatment

龋齿，俗称“虫牙”或“蛀牙”，是儿童口腔中最常见的一种疾病。婴幼儿龋（early childhood caries， ECC）是一种特别具有侵袭性的龋病类型，在乳牙萌出后不久即可发生，常导致多个乳牙的广泛龋损，且进展快速，并对牙列造成持续性破坏[1]，而且可能影响婴幼儿发音和咀嚼功能，造成营养吸收不良和生长发育滞后。一旦继发感染更能引起或加重风湿病、心内膜炎、慢性肾炎等全身性疾病，被世界卫生组织列为儿童重点防治的疾病之一。我们对奉贤区南桥镇社区卫生服务中心儿保门诊管理的2012年出生的幼儿患龋情况进行调查，并对不同喂养方式与龋齿患病的相关性进行初步分析，报道如下。

1 对象与方法

1.1 对象

将本社区儿保门诊管理的婴幼儿1 270名作为研究对象，其中男童643名，女童627名；分为母乳喂养组（出生后4个月内，除给母乳外不给孩子其他食品及饮料，包括水）389名，混合喂养组（母乳不足时以其他乳类或代乳辅食补充喂养）479名；人工喂养组（选用牛、羊乳等兽乳或其他代乳品喂养婴儿）209名。……