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生产商Stackelberg下零售商提供通用服务的供应链博弈研究

2016-05-31鞠成杰王磊

物流科技 2016年3期

鞠成杰 王磊

摘 要:针对由2个生产商和1个零售商组成的供应链,研究生产商作为领导者时,零售商采用加成定价法且提供通用服务对参与方定价和服务决策的影响。结果表明:随着服务敏感系数的逐渐增大,产品的批发价、零售价相应提高。当产品价格弹性增大时,零售商降低服务水平,而当产品之间替代性减弱时,零售商提高服务水平。提供通用服务虽然导致零售商利润先增大后减小,但供应链中每个参与方的利润都比不提供服务时大。

关键词:供应链;加成定价法;通用服务;斯坦克尔博格博弈

中图分类号:F273.7 文献标识码:A

Abstract: The influence of service cost of the retailer on the optimal price and the service decision are studied in a supply chain composed of two manufacturers each of whom makes a kind of product and a common retailer who adopts the strategy of markup pricing and provides the universal service. The results show that the wholesaling price and retailing price both increases with the service-related parameters increases. The service level is low when the sales of products are effected dramatically with the change of the price, but high about the two kinds of similar products. Although the profits of the retailer first increase and then decrease with the service from the retailer, the profits about everyone of the supply chain is more bigger than that without universal service.

Key words: supply chain; markup pricing; universal service; Stackelberg game

0 引 言

随着市场动态和竞争环境的变化,为在整个市场获得更多的利润,零售商必须采用更复杂的策略,而非简单的降低价格。服务作为一种非价格因素,逐渐成为影响消费者购买的重要因素。

有关于服务问题,王磊,刘圆圆,孙浩(2014)[1]研究了由2个生产商和1个共同零售商组成的供应链,研究生产商的服务补贴政策对参与方最优定价和服务决策及利润的影响;罗卫,张子刚,欧阳明德(2014)[2]研究了1个生产商和1个零售商在品牌投资、地方广告支出和广告费用共享规则上进行交易时纵向合作广告的效率;许明辉,于刚,张汉勤(2006)[3]在只含有1个生产商和1个零售商的供应链中,分别由不同方提供服务时,在MS、RS、NS情形下,对各参与方利润、价格制定策略的影响比较;Ganesh Iyer等(1998)[4]研究了零售商提供非价格因素,与不提供非价格因素下,生产商与零售商在整条供应链中如何协调,并给与了非价格因素衡量的模型;……

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