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碱法提取夏枯草膳食纤维的工艺优化及其性能测定

2016-05-30郭艳峰淮亚红

热带农业科学 2016年3期

郭艳峰 淮亚红

摘 要 以夏枯草残渣为原料,研究碱液浸提法制备不溶性膳食纤维和可溶性膳食纤维的工艺流程,并对膳食纤维的性能进行测定。考察料液比、碱液质量浓度、提取温度及时间对提取率的影响。正交试验优化出的最优工艺条件为:料液比1∶20、碱液质量浓度15 mg/mL、水解时间2.5 h、提取温度40℃。在此条件下,不溶性膳食纤维的提取率为60%,可溶性膳食纤维的提取率为13.55%。性能测定结果显示:不溶性膳食纤维的持水力为7.27 g/g,膨胀力为17.33 mL/g;在胃环境(pH 2)和肠道环境(pH 7)中,可溶性膳食纤维对胆酸钠的吸附率分别为13.26和86.38 mg/g。该法对夏枯草膳食纤维的提取率高,产品色泽好,性能好,可广泛用于功能食品的开发。

关键词 夏枯草 ;不溶性膳食纤维 ;可溶性膳食纤维 ;性能

分类号 TS201.23 Doi:10.12008/j.issn.1009-2196.2016.03.015

Abstract The extraction of insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) and soluble dietary fiber (SDF) from Prunella vulgaris residue by NaOH, the paper investigated the effects of the ratio of liquid to solid, alkali concentration, its extraction time and temperature on the insoluble dietary fiber yield and soluble dietary fiber yield were studied. The optimal extraction technology was obtained by orthogonal methodology as follows: the ratio of material to solution was 1∶20, alkali concentration was 15 mg/mL, extraction time was 2.5 h, extraction temperature was 40℃. Water-holding capacity and swelling ratio of insoluble dietary fiber were 7.27 g/g and 17.33 mL/g respectively. The adsorption capacity of soluble dietary fiber for bile acid was 86.38 mg/g in the small intestine (pH 7) and 13.26 mg/g in the stomach (pH 2).

Keywords Prunella vulgaris ; insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) ; soluble dietary fiber (SDF) ; functional testing

膳食纤维是不被胃与小肠消化吸收的非淀粉多糖及木质素的一类高分子碳水化合物的总称,对人体有积极的调节作用,被称为“第七类营养素”[1-2]。膳食纤维可分为不溶性膳食纤维(insoluble dietary fiber,IDF)和可溶性膳食纤维(soluble dietary fiber,SDF)。不溶性膳食纤维具持水作用和吸胀作用,摄入后可增加机体饱腹感和消化残渣的湿润度,可用于治疗肥胖、缓解便秘及相关功能食品的开发[2]。可溶性膳食纤维能吸附重金属、胆汁酸、胆固醇,对治疗多种富贵病有重要作用[3-6]。

夏枯草(Prunella vulgaris L.)又名夏枯花,属唇形科(Labiatae)夏枯草属(Prunella)植物,于未枯前采带花的果穗入药,味辛苦性寒,入肝胆经,具有清肝火散郁结之功,集补泻消散于一体[7-8]。2010年3月5日卫生部批准夏枯草作为凉茶饮料原料使用[9]。……

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