“9·11”后的美国大学:国土安全专业的崛起
2016-05-30



An information and intelligence shift has emerged in America's national security state over the last two decades, and that change has been reflected in the country's educational institutions as they have become increasingly tied to the military, intelligence, and law enforcement worlds. This is why VICE News has analyzed and ranked the 100 most militarized universities in America.
在过去的20年间,美国进入了信息和情报的时代。这一转变对美国的高等教育产生了连锁影响,即学校与军事、情报和法律等领域的联系在逐步增强。针对这一现象,VICE News进行了研究,并列出了100所美国最“军事化”的大学。
Militarized Talents
“军事化”人才
The term militarized was not meant to simply evoke robust campus police forces or ROTC drills held on a campus quad. It was also a measure of university labs funded by US intelligence agencies, administrators with strong ties to those same agencies, and, most importantly, the educational backgrounds of the approximately 1.4 million people who hold Top Secret clearance in the United States.
用“军事化”一词来描述学校,本意并不是指学校具备多强大的警力,或者能够举行后备军官训练。这份排名主要考虑两个方面:一是学校里面有美国情报机构以及类似机构管理者们资助的实验室。二是1,400,000多名拥有美国最高机密许可人的教育背景。
Today's national security state includes a growing cadre of technicians and security professionals who sit at computers and manage vast amounts of data; they far outnumber conventional soldiers and spies. And as the skills demanded from these digital warriors have evolved, higher education has evolved with them.
各国维护国家安全的队伍中都有一群技术骨干和安全专家,他们坐在电脑前动动手指,就能操控庞大的数据群,而这个群体的影响力还在继续增加,数量更是远超传统意义上的士兵和间谍。正是由于时代对于这些 “数字化士兵”的需求在不断衍变,高等教育也随之进化了。
The 100 schools named in the VICE News rankings produce the greatest number of students who are employed by the Intelligence Community (IC), have the closest relationships with the national security state, and profit the most from American war-waging.
此次入选VICE News排行榜的100所学校培养了最庞大的学生群体,他们毕业后多就职于情报部门,或与美国国家安全部联系极其密切。
National security-related degree programs cater not just to new technologies and education needs, but also to the careers of a regimented workforce, offering distance learning, flexible credits, and easy transfers to accommodate frequent deployments, assignment changes, and shift work.
美国设置这类安全类学位不仅出于科教目的,更重要的目的是为了给大量军队里的在职工作者提供方便参与的课程,使其可以远程学习,获取灵活的学分,同时更容易被调动,更适应频繁的派遣、任务变换和倒 班。
Ranking Analysis
排名分析
Four categories of institutions of higher education dominate the VICE News list of the 100 most militarized universities in America: schools whose students attain their degrees predominantly online; schools that are heavily involved in research and development for defense, intelligence, and security clients; schools in the Washington, DC area; and schools that are newly focused on homeland security.
此次排名中主要有四类美国高等院校:线上获取学位的学校;以国防、情报和安全客户端发展为主的研究类学校;集中在华盛顿特区的学校;专攻国土安全的学校。……
