何水英

[摘 要] 总集的序跋中常隐藏着文学史权力，序跋通过文学史权力的运作改变总集文学史地位的现象也常见。《文苑英华》《唐文粹》两者联系本不大，周必大在《〈文苑英华〉序》中提出“《唐文粹》铨择《文苑英华》”之说，有意密切了两者关系，使《文苑英华》成为《唐文粹》母本。这种文学权力的运用属有意而为，明显提高了《文苑英华》的价值，也改变了两总集的文学史地位。“铨择说”多为后人沿用，形成习惯看法，可见其文学史权力影响的深远。

[关键词] 序跋 文学史权力 《唐文粹》 《文苑英华》 铨择

[中图分类号] G237 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1009-5853 （2016） 04-0122-05

[Abstract] The literary power is usually hidden in the prefaces and postscripts of anthology. This is a common phenomenon， which the prefaces and postscripts change the status of the anthology through their literary power. Tang Wencui and Wenyuan Yinghua didnt have much contact， but Zhou Bida proposed Tang Wencui selected out from Wenyuan Yinghua in preface of Wenyuan Yinghua. This view made Wenyuan Yinghua and Tang Wencui be the mother-child relationship. This use of literary powers was intentional， it significantly increased the value of Wenyuan Yinghua， but also changed the literary status of two anthologies. Zhou Bidas view was adopted later and became the prevailing view. It showed the far-reaching influence of the literary power.

[Key words] Preface and postscript Literary power Tang Wencui Wenyuan Yinghua Select

1 问题的提出

序跋是一种常见的文体。就总集的序跋而言，序通常对书籍的编纂过程、宗旨、体例等情况进行说明，并对书籍予以评价。跋重点写心得体会或发表议论，也常叙述与书籍编纂相关的内容。序跋与书籍联系紧密，有引导读者阅读、推动书籍传播之作用。序跋中还含有大量的学术观念，有些观点对后世影响至深，如徐陵《玉台新咏序》提出《玉台新咏》“撰录艳歌”，从胡应麟《诗薮》所说“《玉台》但辑闺房一体”到刘跃进《中古文学文献学》所言《玉台新咏》“专收歌咏妇女的作品”，都可看到徐陵的影响。又如胡维新《刻〈文苑英华〉序》提出“《苑》之集始于梁”之说，其后学人如纪晓岚、穆克宏、刘永济、刘跃进等皆沿袭此说。在地方性总集的序跋中也有类似现象，如莫绳孙在《黔诗纪略》卷首题记中云“先君任辑明代”，指出《黔诗纪略》所录为明诗，此后诸家论述尽承此说，《黔诗纪略》为贵州明代诗歌总集之观念至今几成定论。……