高晓华　肖雨　张明辉　安伟　何正侃　邵玲　张海强

摘要：【目的】探討13种中药对荧光假单胞菌（Pseudamonas fluoroscens）的体外抑菌效果，为其在鱼类赤皮病防治实践中的应用提供参考依据。【方法】采用平板打孔法检测荧光假单胞菌对13种中药提取液的敏感性，用二倍稀释法测定不同中药对荧光假单胞菌的最小抑菌浓度（MIC）和最小杀菌浓度（MBC），并选择抑菌效果最佳的中药为试验药物，进一步研究不同质量浓度和静置时间对中药杀灭荧光假单胞菌效果的影响。【结果】荧光假单胞菌对乌梅、大黄高度敏感，对芦根、黄柏、青皮、车前草、熟地黄、地榆等中度敏感，对柴胡、决明子、贯众、麦冬、青蒿等不敏感。不同中药提取液对荧光假单胞菌的体外抑菌效果排序为：乌梅>大黄>熟地黄=地榆>车前草>黄柏>芦根=青皮，其中以乌梅的杀菌作用最强，MIC和MBC分别为7.813和15.625 mg/mL。随质量浓度的增加，乌梅提取液对荧光假单胞菌杀灭效果不断增强，14.00～18.00 mg/mL的乌梅提取液能迅速杀灭病原菌，且静置32 h后仍具有较强的药效作用。【结论】乌梅提取液对荧光假单胞菌的抑菌效果最佳，在14.00～18.00 mg/mL的条件下能够快速杀灭病原菌，在实际生产中可适当加大使用剂量，充分发挥其迅速有效的治疗效果。

关键词： 中药；荧光假单胞菌；抑菌效果；最小抑菌浓度（MIC）；最小杀菌浓度（MBC）

中圖分类号： S948 文献标志码：A 文章编号：2095-1191（2016）05-0748-05

Abstract：【Objective】The present experiment was conducted to study antibacterial effect of 13 Chinese herbal medicines on Pseudamonas fluoroscens in vitro， in order to provide scientific basis for prevention and cure of red-skin disease. 【Method】The sensitivities of P. fluoroscens to 13 species of Chinese herbal medicines were detected through punch method， and the minimum inhibitory concentration（MIC） and minimum bactericidal concentration（MBC） of different Chinese herbal medicines were determined by double dilution method. Then the Chinese herb with the best antibacterial effect was selected as experimental drug， and its antibacterial effect on P. fluoroscens was investigated under different drug concentrations and standing times. 【Result】The results showed that， P. fluoroscens were highly susceptible to Prunus mume， Rheum palmatum， intermediately susceptible to Phragmites communis， Phellodendron chinense， Citrus reticulata Blanco， Plantago depressa Willd， Sanguisorba officinalis， Phragmites communis， and insensitive to Bupleurum chinense， Cassia obtusifoli， Cyrtomii rhizome， Ophiopogon japonicas， Artemisia annua. The different Chinese herbal medicine extracts were ordered based on their inhibitory effects on P. fluoroscens， as follows： P. mume>R. palmatum>R. glutinosa=S. offieinali>P. depressa>P. chinense>P. communis=C. reticulata. Therefore， P. mume had the strongest antibacterial effect， MICs and MBCs of which were 7.813 and 15.625 mg/mL， respectively. As the increase of concentration， the antibacterial effect of P. mume on P. fluoroscens increased constantly. When the concentrations of P. mume were 14.00-18.00 mg/mL， P. fluoroscens would be killed rapidly， and its number maintained at low level after standing time of 32 h. 【Conclusion】P. mume has optimal antibacterial effect on P. fluoroscens， particularly at the concentrations of 14.00-18.00 mg/mL， P. fluoroscens will be killed rapidly. However， the drug dosage should be increased appropriately in the actual production， so as to give full play to its antibacterial effect.

Key words： Chinese herbal medicine； Pseudamonas fluoroscens； bacteriostatic effect； minimal inhibitory concentration（MIC）； minimal bactercidal concentration（MBC）

0 引言

【研究意義】荧光假单胞菌（Pseudamonas fluoroscens）为革兰氏阴性菌，是引起淡水养殖鱼类赤皮病的主要致病菌（耿晓修等，2006）。近年来，各地淡水养殖场因感染荧光假单胞菌而造成鱼类发病且大批量死亡事件时有发生，给养殖户造成了严重的经济损失（邓显文等，2010；安伟等，2014）。……