韩雪 粟朝芝 付晓利 朱丽莉 尚以顺

摘要：【目的】測定不同杂交组合黔东花猪的胴体性能和肉质性状，筛选优良黔东花猪杂交组合。【方法】对约克夏（Y）×皮特兰（P）×太湖猪（T）×黔东花猪（H）组合（YPTH）、巴克夏（B）×太湖猪（T）和黔东花猪（H）组合（BTH）、巴克夏（B）×皮特兰（P）×太湖猪（T）×黔东花猪（H）组合（BPTH）及巴克夏（B）×杜洛克（D）×太湖猪（T）×黔东花猪（H）组合（BDTH）等4种杂交猪分别进行屠宰，测定分析其胴体性能和肉质性状。【结果】YPTH、BTH、BDTH和BPTH杂交猪屠宰率分别为76.72%、76.67%、76.94%和81.24%；瘦肉率分别为55.58%、42.00%、46.29%和50.92%；平均背膘厚分别为3.31、4.00、3.37和3.45 cm；眼肌面积分别为60.68、46.67、46.80和53.56 cm2；大理石纹分别为3.67、3.50、3.50和3.50；系水力分别为89.33%、83.00%、76.70%和69.09%；剪切力分别为0.49、0.51、1.12和0.62 kg。脂肪酸含量分析结果表明，4种杂交猪肉的嫩度、多汁性及风味等食用性状均较佳。其中，YPTH杂交猪具有较高的瘦肉率和较大的眼肌面积，系水力较高，剪切力较小，肌肉谷氨酸含量高达107.72 mg/g。【结论】以黔东花猪（H）为母本组配的YPTH杂交猪胴体品质和肉质性状优于BTH、BDTH和BPTH杂交猪，可作为建立含有黔东花猪血缘的商品杂交猪配套系开发利用。

关键词： 黔东花猪；杂交组合；屠宰性能；肉质性状

中图分类号： S828.89 文献标志码：A 文章编号：2095-1191（2016）08-1423-05

Abstract：【Objective】The carcass and meat quality traits of different cross combinations were determined， in order to screen optimal cross combinations of Qiandonghua pig. 【Method】Four crossbred pigs were used as tested materials， including Yorkshire （Y）×Pietrain（P）×Taihu pig（T）×Qiandonghua pig（H） combination （YPTH）， Berkshire（B）×Taihu pig（T）×Qiandonghua pig（H） combination（BTH）， Berkshire（B）×Pietrain（P）×Taihu pig（T）×Qiandonghua pig（H） combination（BPTH） and Berkshire（B）×Duroc（D）×Taihu pig（T）×Qiandonghua pig （H） combination（BDTH）. After slaughter， their carcass and meat quality traits were determined and analyzed. 【Result】The dressing percentage of YPTH， BTH， BPTH and BDTH were 76.72%， 76.67%， 76.94%， 81.24%， respectively， their lean meat percentages were 55.58%， 42.00%， 46.29% and 50.92%， respectively， their average backfat thicknesses were 3.31， 4.00， 3.37 and 3.45 cm， respectively， their loin eye muscle areas were 60.68， 46.67， 46.8 and 53.56 cm2， respectively， their marbling were 3.67， 3.50，3.50 and 3.50， respectively， their water-holding capacities were 89.33%， 83.00%， 76.70% and 69.09%， respectively， and their shear forces were 0.49， 0.51， 1.12 and 0.62 kg， respectively. The result of fatty acid content showed that， four crossbred pigs had excellent edible traits including tenderness， juiciness and relish， especially YPTH crossbred pig with higher lean meat percentage， larger loin eye muscle area， better water-holding capacities， lesser shear force and higher glutamic acid content（107.72 mg/g）. 【Conclusion】The carcass and meat quality traits of YPTH crossbred pig with Qiandonghua pig（H） as female parent are superior to other crossbred pigs viz.， BTH， BDTH and BPTH， so YPTH should be developed and utilized to establish commercial crossbred line of Qiandonghua pig.

Key words： Qiandonghua pig； cross combination； slaughter performance； meat quality trait

0 引言

【研究意义】黔东花猪属贵州地方品种，与国内其他地方猪种一样，均表现肉质优良，但生长速度慢，屠宰率和瘦肉率低。我国传统上对猪品种包括黔东花猪的主选目标是生长速度快、饲料报酬及瘦肉率高，但选育出的品种肉质粗老、风味不佳、适口性差，加上长期缺乏定向选育，导致出现繁殖性能相对较低、瘦肉率低等问题。在提高猪生长效率和繁殖率的同时改善猪肉品质，生产出低脂、优质的猪肉，正逐渐成为养猪业和消费者关注的焦点，也是现代育种的一个新方向。……