陆专灵 赵忠添 侯树鉴 卢智发 李青 李登明 张益峰 黄黎明

摘要：【目的】確定最适生长曲线拟合模型及筛选出最适开口饵料，为泥鳅人工育苗提供科学依据。【方法】分别以丰年虫、轮虫、水蚯蚓、蛋黄、豆浆和鳗鱼料为开口饵料，培育泥鳅苗种20 d后比较其对泥鳅苗种存活率及生长性能的影响，并采用Logistic、Gompertz和Bertalanffy 3种非线性模型对培育20 d泥鳅苗种的体长数据进行生长曲线拟合与回归分析。【结果】以不同开口饵料培育20 d后，泥鳅苗种的存活率排序为：丰年虫组>轮虫组>水蚯蚓组>蛋黄组>鳗鱼料组>豆浆组，各处理组间存在显著差异（P<0.05）。其中，以丰年虫组的存活率最高，为52.7%，豆浆组的最低，仅为10.3%。在生长性能方面，也以丰年虫组泥鳅苗种的生长速率最快，豆浆组的生长速率最慢。Logistic、Gompertz和Bertalanffy模型均能较好地拟合泥鳅苗种的生长曲线，但Logistic模型拟合获得的生长拐点日龄比Gompertz和Bertallanffy模型的拟合结果略晚，且从拟合度（R2）来看，Bertallanffy模型的R2更接近于1.000，即Bertallanffy模型更适合用于拟合泥鳅苗种的生长曲线。【结论】以丰年虫为开口饵料能够显著提高泥鳅苗种培育存活率和生长速度，若兼顾养殖成本，则以轮虫更适合作为泥鳅苗种的开口饵料。Bertallanffy模型更适合用于拟合泥鳅苗种的生长曲线，拟合得出的泥鳅苗种生长拐点在7～10日龄。

关键词： 泥鳅苗种；开口饵料；存活率；生长曲线；Bertallanffy模型

中图分类号： S966.4 文献标志码：A 文章编号：2095-1191（2016）08-1411-05

Abstract：【Objective】The present experiment was conducted to find out optimal growth curve fitting model and select the optimal initial bait， in order to provide scientific basis for artificial breeding of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus larvae. 【Method】Artemia salina， rotifera， egg yolk， soybean milk， tubificidae and eel feed were used， as initial feeds to breed M. anguillicaudatus larvae for 20 d， respectively. Then the survival rate and growth performance were determined， so as to compare effects of initial feeds on survival rate and growth performance. Moreover， the data about body length of M. anguillicaudatus larvae were determined for growth curve fitting and regression analysis using 3 nonlinear models viz.， Logistic， Gompertz and Bertalanffy. 【Result】After M. anguillicaudatus larvae were bred with different initial feeds for 20 days， the order of their survival rates was A. salina group>rotifera group>tubificidae group>egg yolk group>eel feed group>soybean milk group， there were significant differences in survival rate between different groups（P<0.05）. The survival rate of M. anguillicaudatus larvae in A. salina group was the highest（52.7%）， while that of M. anguillicaudatus larvae in soybean milk group was the lowest（10.3%）. In term of growth performance， M. anguillicaudatus larvae in fairy shrimp group had the fastest growth rate， those in soybean milk group had the slowest one. The Logistic， Gompertz and Bertalanffy nonlinear model all could well fit growth curve of M. anguillicaudatus， but the day old at inflection point of growth curve fitted by Logistic model was slightly later than those of growth curves fitted by Gompertz and Bertalanffy models. Furthermore， the fitting degree（R2） of Bertalanffy models was more closer to 1.000， so the Bertalanffy model was more suitable for fitting growth curve of M. anguillicaudatus larvae. 【Conclusion】A. salina used as initial bait can significantly improve survival rate and growth rate of M. anguillicaudatus larvae， while considering production cost， rotifera was more suitable as initial bait for M. anguillicaudatus larvae. The Bertalanffy model is more suitable for fitting growth curve of M. anguillicaudatus larvae， and the inflection point of fitting growth were at 7-10 days old.

Key words： Misgurnus anguillicaudatus larvae； initial feed； survival rate； growth curve； Bertalanffy model

0 引言

【研究意义】动物的生长一般都具有非线性特性，因此可用非线性数学模型来描述其生长规律，常用的非线性数学模型有Logistic、Gompertz和Bertalanffy 3种模型。在养殖过程中，可利用不同时间序列的动物体重、体长或其他指标拟合目的性状的生长曲线，建立数学模型并估测其生长参数（Knízetová et al.，1991；杨运清和缪尧源，1992）。泥鳅（Misgurnus anguillicaudatus）隶属于鲤形目（Cypriniformes）鳅科（Cobitidae），在我国及东南亚地区广泛分布，是具有较高经济价值的淡水鱼类之一，其当前的研究热点是开口饵料选择及生长发育规律分析。因此，研究开口饵料对泥鳅存活率的影响及运用非线性数学模型对其生长曲线进行拟合分析，对提高泥鳅培育效果具有重要意义。【前人研究进展】近年来，泥鳅养殖产业得到快速发展。徐如卫等（2014）总结了泥鳅循环水集约化养殖的技术要点，且认为其养殖模式已由传统池塘围网养殖模式向高密度集约化养殖模式转变。朱光来和赵子明（20……