王雅东 林庆胜 李祥英 夏晓明

摘要：【目的】評估不同戊唑醇剂型对斑马鱼的急性毒性差异，筛选出环保剂型，减少化学农药使用过程对水生态环境的污染。【方法】采用半静态法测定430 g/L戊唑醇悬浮剂、60 g/L戊唑醇悬浮种衣剂和25%戊唑醇水乳剂对斑马鱼的急性毒性，并根据有毒化学物质毒性等级分类标准进行毒性分级。【结果】430 g/L戊唑醇悬浮剂对斑马鱼24、48、72和96 h的半致死浓度（LC50）分别为7.89、7.87、7.84和7.81 a.i.mg/L，60 g/L戊唑醇悬浮种衣剂对斑马鱼24、48、72和96 h的LC50分别为6.20、5.68、5.32和5.28 a.i.mg/L，25%戊唑醇水乳剂对斑马鱼24、48、72和96 h的LC50分别为3.29、3.18、3.12和3.10 a.i.mg/L。依据OECD对有毒化学物质的毒性等级分类标准，可确定3种戊唑醇剂型对斑马鱼的急性毒性均为II级毒性，对斑马鱼的安全性排序为430 g/L戊唑醇悬浮剂>60 g/L戊唑醇悬浮种衣剂>25%戊唑醇水乳剂。【结论】不同戊唑醇剂型对斑马鱼的急性毒性不同，其中以悬浮剂型对斑马鱼的急性毒性最低，因此在农业生产中使用戊唑醇防控植物病害时应尽量采用悬浮剂，以减少对水生态系统的污染。

关键词： 斑马鱼；戊唑醇；剂型；急性毒性

中图分类号： S917.4 文献标志码：A 文章编号：2095-1191（2016）08-1406-05

Abstract：【Objective】In order to screen out tebuconazole formulations that safe and friendly for environment， and reduce pollution of chemical pesticides to water ecosystem environment， the differences in acute toxicity of tebuconazole formulations to zebrafish were assessed. 【Method】The acute toxicity of three tebuconazole formulations viz.， 430 g/L tebuconazole suspension concentrate（SC）， 60 g/L tebuconazole flowable concentrate for seed coating（FS） and 25% tebuconazole emulsion in water（EW） to adult zebrafish were determined by semi-static test. The toxicities of three tebuconazole formulations were classified according to toxicity grade classification standard of toxic chemicals. 【Result】The results showed that， the 24， 48， 72 and 96 h median lethal concentrations（LC50） of 430 g/L tebuconazole SC for zebrafish were 7.89， 7.87， 7.84 and 7.81 a.i.mg/L， respectively. The 24， 48， 72 and 96 h LC50 values of 60 g/L tebuconazole FS were 6.20， 5.68， 5.32 and 5.28 a.i.mg/L， respectively， and the 24， 48， 72 and 96 h LC50 of 25% tebuconazole EW were 3.29， 3.18， 3.12 and 3.10 a.i.mg/L， respectively. According to toxicity grade classification standard of toxic chemicals of OEDC， the toxicities of three formulations of tebuconazole to adult zebrafish were acute II， and the securities of different formulations of tebuconazole to adult zebrafish was different， their order was 430 g/L tebuconazole SC>60 g/L tebuconazole FS>25% tebuconazole EW. 【Conclusion】There are some differences in acute toxicity of different tebuconazole formulations to zebrafish. Therefore， tebuconazole SC should be first choose to control plant disease in agriculture production because of its the least acute-toxicity to zebrafish， so as to reduce pollution to water ecosystem.

Key words： zebrafish； tebuconazole； formulation； acute toxicity

0 引言

【研究意义】三唑类杀菌剂为有机杂环类化合物，具有高效、广谱、低残留、持效期长、内吸性强等特点，兼具保护、治疗、铲除和熏蒸作用，已广泛应用于农业生产中的植物病虫害防治。戊唑醇是20世纪80年代开发的一种三唑类内吸性杀菌剂，对白粉菌属、柄锈菌属、喙孢属、核腔菌属和壳针孢属引起的病害具有显著防治效果，目前主要用于防治小麦、花生、蔬菜、香蕉、苹果、梨等作物上的真菌病害（李富根等，2001；王新茹等……