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石楠锈孢锈菌重寄生现象及其重寄生菌的种类鉴定1)

2016-05-30李梦婕谢津李向楠陈玉惠

东北林业大学学报 2016年5期

李梦婕 谢津 李向楠 陈玉惠

(西南林业大学,昆明,650224)



石楠锈孢锈菌重寄生现象及其重寄生菌的种类鉴定1)

李梦婕谢津李向楠陈玉惠

(西南林业大学,昆明,650224)

摘要研究了昆明地区石楠锈孢锈菌(Aecidium pourthiaea)上的重寄生现象并对重寄生菌进行了分离、回接验证和鉴定。结果显示:石楠锈孢锈上的重寄生菌在7月底逐渐发生,其自然重寄生率从10月中旬开始快速增长,12月中旬达到高峰。石楠锈孢锈的重寄生菌包括链格孢属(Alternaria spp.)、拟盘多毛孢属(Pestalotiopsis spp.)、枝孢属(Cladosporium spp.)、镰刀菌属(Fusarium spp.)、木霉属(Trichoderma sp.)的真菌及粉红单端孢(Trichothecium roseum)等多种,其中重寄生效果及对锈菌寄主植物安全性最好的菌株为拟盘多毛孢属的SYP22菌株和枝孢属的SYC23菌株。

关键词石楠锈孢锈菌;重寄生菌;人工培养

分类号S763.11;Q939.95

Hyperparasitism onAecidiumpourthiaeaand Species Identification of the Mycoparasite//

Li Mengjie, Xie Jin, Li Xiangnan, Chen Yuhui

(Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, P. R. China)//Journal of Northeast Forestry University,2016,44(5):92-96.

We observed the hyperparasitism of mycoparasite onAecidiumpourthiaeain Kunming, and isolated and identified the mycoparasite. The mycoparasites onAecidiumpourthiaeaappeared on the aecium ofAecidiumpourthiaeasince the end of July, were rapidly increased from the middle of October, and reached a peak in the middle of December. The various mycoparasite onAecidiumpourthiaeamainly includedAlternariaspp.,Pestalotiopsisspp.,Cladosporiumspp.,Fusariumspp.,Trichodermasp., andTrichotheciumroseum, and SYP22 (a strain ofPestalotiopsis) and SYC23 (a strain ofCladosporium) had better hyperparasitism effect and better safety to plant compared to other mycoparasites.

KeywordsAecidium pourthiaea; Mycoparasite; Artificial rearing

石楠锈孢锈菌(Aecidiumpourthiaea)是石楠(Photiniaprionophylla)锈病的病原菌,主要危害3年生以下幼树及幼苗,引起叶、腋芽和梢坏死,严重影响石楠的正常生长及观赏价值[1]。重寄生菌在植物病害生物防治中是非常重要的菌种资源,已经越来越受到各国植物病理学家的重视。笔者在进行锈菌重寄生菌调查时发现,在石楠锈孢锈的锈子器上有明显的多种重寄生现象,且对石楠锈孢锈的锈子器和锈孢子具有显著的破坏作用。关于锈菌的重寄生现象及重寄生菌已有较多报道,目前已发现的能够被重寄生的锈菌有茶藨生柱锈(Cronartiumribicola)[2-3]、梨胶锈菌(Gymnosporangiumasiaticum)[4]、落叶松拟三胞锈菌(Triphragmiopsislaricinum)[5-6]、杨柴锈病菌(Uromyceshedysari-mongolici)[7]、黄柏鞘锈菌(Coleosporiumphellodendri)[8]和松芍柱锈菌(Cronartiumflaccidum)[9]等,但至今未见对石楠锈孢锈菌重寄生菌的报道。本研究对重寄生菌在石楠锈孢锈菌的寄生现象及其发生特点进行了研究,并对重寄生菌进行了分离及种类鉴定,以期为石楠锈病的生物防治提供理论参考和菌种资源。……

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