葛留威　吕瑞恒　李荔　张海涛　周正立　梁继业

(塔里木大学，阿拉尔，843300)



盐生环境下3种荒漠植物叶凋落物分解动态特征1)

葛留威吕瑞恒李荔张海涛周正立梁继业

(塔里木大学，阿拉尔，843300)

摘要以盐生环境下3种荒漠群落优势种叶凋落物(胡杨、多枝柽柳、胀果甘草)为研究对象，采用凋落袋法，了解其分解特征、养分释放规律，以及土壤温湿度变化对其分解的影响。结果表明：经过390 d的分解，胡杨、多枝柽柳、胀果甘草叶凋落物质量损失率随时间延长而逐渐增大，质量损失率分别为20.97%、12.04%、40.30%。胡杨、多枝柽柳、胀果甘草分解系数依次为0.235 3、0.128 3、0.510 8，其叶分解50%所需时间分别为2.9、5.4、1.4 a，分解95%所需时间分别为12.7、23.4、5.96 a。胡杨、多枝柽柳、胀果甘草叶凋落物N元素释放率分别为51.23%、24.03%、51.44%，均符合富集-释放模式；P元素释放率分别为39.87%、25.04%、43.60%，K元素释放率分别为42.75%、31.45%、57.35%。3种植物叶凋落物分解速率与土壤温度、湿度相关性较强，对其分解过程有显著(P<0.05)影响。

关键词盐生环境；叶凋落物；质量损失率；分解速率

分类号Q945.78

Litter Decomposition of Three Types of Forestsin South Slope in Saline Environment//

Ge Liuwei, Lü Ruiheng, Li Li, Zhang Haitao, Zhou Zhengli, Liang Jiye

(Tarim University, Alar 843300, P. R. China)//Journal of Northeast Forestry University，2016,44(5)：39-43，47.

Based on the foliar litter of typical three kinds of desert plants (PopuluseuphraticaOliv,TamarixramosissimaLedeb,GlycyrrhizainflataBatalin) in south slope in saline environment, we used the litter bag method to study the nutrient release rule of plants in the study area, and the impact of changes in soil temperature and humidity on its decomposition. After 390 d of decomposition, the leaf litter weight loss rates s ofP.euphratica,T.ramosissima, andG.inflatawere increased with the time, and the annual weight loss rates of litters were 20.97%, 12.04% and 40.30%, respectively. The annual decomposition rate estimated by the exponential decay model were 0.235 3, 0.128 3 and 0.510 8, and the times required for 50% of leaf decomposition were 2.9, 5.4 and 1.4 years forP.euphraticaandT.ramosissimaandG.inflata, and 12.7, 23.4, and 5.9 years for 95% of leaf decomposition, respectively. N release rate of leaves ofP.euphraticaandT.ramosissimaandG.inflatawere 51.23%, 24.03% and 51.44%, respectively, with a decomposition pattern of release-enrichment. P release rate of leaves were 39.87%, 25.04% and 43.60%, and K release rate of leaves were 42.75%, 31.45% and 57.35% ofP.euphraticaandT.ramosissimaandG.inflata, respectively. By linear regression, there were significantly positive correlations between litter decomposition rate and soil temperature, and soil moisture content significantly (P<0.05).

KeywordsSaline environment; Leaf litter; Weight loss rate; Decomposition rate

新疆塔里木盆地属于极端干旱区，自然条件较为恶劣，诸如温差大、降水量小、光照时间长、土壤盐碱度高[1]，造成荒漠河岸植物群落异质性较大，生境类型多样，逐渐形成仅以胡杨(PopuluseuphraticaOliv.)、柽柳(TamarixchinensisLour.)为主的乔木、灌木群落[2]。凋落物作为养分的基本载体是生态系统的组成部分和森林土壤物质转化的基础,是植物和微生物所需养分的主要来源,对增加土壤肥力,改善树木营养和提高森林生产力,保持生态系统平衡,有着极为重要的作用[3-4]。目前，森林凋……