杨乐　李继荣　仓决卓玛

(西藏自治区高原生物研究所，拉萨，850001)



西藏“一江两河”流域越冬黑颈鹤种群数量及分布1)

杨乐李继荣仓决卓玛

(西藏自治区高原生物研究所，拉萨，850001)

摘要对西藏“一江两河”流域越冬黑颈鹤(Grus nigricollis)种群数量及分布情况进行了调查，并分析了黑颈鹤昼间活动生境和人为干扰情况。结果表明：2010年12月—2011年1月、2012年12月—2013年1月、2015年1月在“一江两河”流域越冬的黑颈鹤数量分别为6 041、5 949、6 496只。拉孜到南木林之间雅鲁藏布江中上游河谷和墨竹工卡到林周之间的拉萨河-澎波河谷一区是越冬黑颈鹤最为集中的2个区域；黑颈鹤昼间活动的主要生境是农田和水体，在这2种生境活动的黑颈鹤集群分别占集群总数(n=125)的80.8%和17.6%；12.0%的越冬黑颈鹤集群受到人为干扰的影响，其中69.2%的干扰来自开发建设。

关键词黑颈鹤；西藏；越冬鸟类

分类号Q958.15; Q958.5

Number and Distribution of Wintering Black-necked Crane (Grusnigricollis) in Drainage Area of Yarlung Zangbo River and Its Two Branches from Tibet, China//

Yang Le, Li Jirong, Tsamchu Drolma

(Tibet Plateau Institute of Biology, Lhasa 850001, P. R. China)//Journal of Northeast Forestry University，2016,44(5)：70-72，83.

We surveyed the number and distribution of wintering black-necked crane (Grusnigricollis) in the drainage area of Yarlung Zangbo River and its two branches, and analyzed the diurnal activities habitat of wintering black-necked crane and human disturbance situation. The number of wintering black-necked crane (G.nigricollis) in drainage area of Yarlung Zangbo river and its two branches were 6 041, 5 949 and 6 496 in December 2010 to January 2011, December 2012 to January 2013, and January 2015, respectively, and the most concentrated area of wintering black-necked cranes was located in the upper-middle valley of Yalung Zangbo from Lazi to Nanmulin, and Lhasa river-Peng wave valley area from Maizhokunggar to Linzhou. The day activity habitat of wintering black-necked crane were farmland and ford, and the proportion of black-necked crane flocks (n=125) in the two kind of habitat were 80.8% and 17.6%, respectively. There were 12% of black-necked crane flocks affected by human disturbance, of which 69.2% was mainly from human development and construction.

KeywordsBlack-necked crane (Grus nigricollis); Tibet; Wintering birds

黑颈鹤(Grusnigricollis)隶属鹤形目(Gruiformes)鹤科(Gruidae)鹤属(Grus)，是世界上15种鹤类中唯一以青藏高原为中心分布的物种，也是最晚被发现的鹤类，其全球种群数量为10 000～10 200只，被世界自然保护联盟(IUCN)列为全球性易危(VU)物种，是国际上最受关注的濒危物种之一[1]。

黑颈鹤的分布区(78°～104°E、28°～38°N)西至阿尔金山和昆仑山脉，北至祁连山，东至乌蒙山脉，南至喜马拉雅山脉[2]，其繁殖区主要在青藏高原北部和西部，越冬区主要在雅鲁藏布江河谷中段、喜马拉雅山脉南坡及云贵高原部分区域，青藏高原东部为其迁徙途径之地[3]。西藏是黑颈鹤主要的繁殖地和越冬地，其在西藏的繁殖地主要集中在西藏北部、西北部的河流和沼泽湿地，越冬地集中在雅鲁藏布江中游河谷及其支流拉萨河、年楚河的“一江两河”地区[4]，越冬期主要以谷物残物为食[5]。……