马楠楠　张彦雷　李建　刘晓东　　　肖晨伟

(北京林业大学，北京，100083)　　　　　　　　　　(武警森林指挥部)



黑龙江呼玛县森林火灾时空分布特征1)

马楠楠张彦雷李建刘晓东肖晨伟

(北京林业大学，北京，100083)(武警森林指挥部)

摘要根据黑龙江省呼玛县1992—2011年的森林火灾统计数据，利用ArcGIS10.2等工具，对呼玛县森林火灾发生的时间和空间分布规律以及火源类型进行了研究。结果显示：时间分布上，该地区森林火灾发生分为1992—1999年、2000—2005年、2006—2011年3个阶段，2002—2005年为火灾高发期，过火面积达303 992 hm2,占总过火面积的97.6%，主要是由于烧防火线引起的；1 a内火灾集中发生在3—6月份和8—10月份，分别占全年火灾发生的67%和33%，以3月份和10月份最为严重；空间分布上，火灾多集中在北疆乡和三卡乡，共发生火灾29起，占总火灾次数的60.42%；在火源方面，67%的火灾是由人为所引起的，通对公路缓冲区分析，发现有39.58%的火灾发生在公路两侧2 000 m的范围内，说明林火的分布与公路联系密切。

关键词森林火灾；呼玛县；时空分布；火源

分类号S715.3

Spatial and Temporal Distribution Characteristics of Forest Fire in Huma County of Heilongjiang Province//

Ma Nannan, Zhang Yanlei, Li Jian, Liu Xiaodong(Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, P. R. China); Xiao Chenwei

(Chinese Arms Forest Police)//Journal of Northeast Forestry University，2016,44(5)：20-23，56.

Based on data of forest fire statistics in Huma County from 1992 to 2011, a temporal and spatial distribution pattern of the forest fires as well as the fire source type was analyzed by using ArcGIS10.2. The forest fire history could be divided into three periods: 1992 to 1999, 2000 to 2005, and 2006 to 2011. It was the high fire occurrence stage during 2002 to 2005, and the burned area was 303 992 hm2in this period, accounting for 97.6% of the total fire area. The main fire source was caused by burning fire lines. Forest fire mainly occurred in March to June and August to October, accounting for 67% and 33%, respectively, especially in March and October. The spatial distribution patterns of forest fires were obvious. Most forest fires occurred in Beijiang Township and Sanka Township. There were 29 fires in the two regions, accounting for 60.42% of the total fire times. In the source of fire, 67% of fire was caused by human. It was found that 39.58% of forest fires occurred on both sides of the highway within the range of 2 000 m through the buffer analysis.

KeywordsForest fire; Huma county; Spatial and temporal pattern; Fire source

林火具有双重性质，适度的火烧会促进林木的更新[1]。然而，森林火灾的发生不仅会对森林生态系统造成毁灭性的伤害，还会威胁到人民群众的生命财产安全[2-3]。随着全球气候变暖，人为活动的增加，森林火灾的发生有上升的趋势[4]。目前，大面积森林火灾已被联合国粮农组织列为当今世界第八大自然灾害[5]。开展森林火灾发生规律的研究，对于森林火灾预防、扑救均具有重要意义。

美国、加拿大和西欧一些国家十分注重林火时空分布的研究，取得了丰富的成果，研究表明景观格局与林火的蔓延、分布和影响关系密切[6-9]。……