人力资本增长对我国工业资本回报率提升的影响
2016-05-14吕品夏玉洁杨君
吕品 夏玉洁 杨君



摘要:通过测度中国各地区和工业行业的资本回报率,利用kernel密度图分析其特征与趋势,用GMM方法分析人力资本对资本回报率的影响,结果表明:中国工业资本回报率总体呈上升趋势,但存在东部趋高,东北、中西部趋低的现象,且行业密度曲线正由单顶点窄峰向扁平化转变;人力资本的作用因地区和行业特征差异明显,仅在东部地区和资本密集型行业有着正向作用;技术进步有稳定的促进作用;资本深化的影响呈现倒U型;国有企业数量的增加不利于资本回报率的提升;不同技术水平的外资对资本回报率的影响存在较大差异。
关键词:资本回报率;技术进步;人力资本
DOI:10.13956/j.ss.1001-8409.2016.05.24
中图分类号:F241 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1001-8409(2016)05-0108-06
Abstract:This paper measured Chinese regional and industrial returns on capital, analyzed their characteristics and trends by kernel density map, and then it uses GMM method to analyze the impact of human capital on the rate of capital return. Results showed that, on the whole, Chinese industrial return on capital is on an upward trend, but its much higher in the Eastern region than in the Midwest. Besides, the industrial density curve is changing from a single vertex and narrow peak to a flat one. The roles of human capital are significantly different because characteristics of various region and sector are not same, so it played an active role only in the eastern region and capitalintensive industries; technological advances have a stable role in promoting; the impact of capital deepening presents inverted Utype, and China is at a turning point in the inverted Ushaped curve; the increase in the number of stateowned enterprises is not conducive enhance the return on capital; foreign investments impacts on the ROC are different due to their various skill levels.
Key words:return on capital; technological advances; human capital
引言
中国经济增长在很大程度上由投资驱动,投资的快速增长导致资本边际收益下降,而对中国资本回报率的测度却显示中国工业资本回报率总体上趋于增长态势。与此同时,中国的人力资本水平也在快速提升。Schultz[1]指出人力资本对经济增长有着重要影响,那么中国快速增长的人力资本水平是否对中国的资本回报率产生重要影响?本文从人力资本的角度对中国资本回报率进行研究,以期探索中国工业资本回报率的地区与行业特征及其变动因素。
对资本回报率的测算大致分为微观和宏观两个派别。宏观方面基于国民核算数据对资本回报率进行测度[2]。与宏观层面的计算方法不同,CCER“中国经济观察”研究组从微观层面进行了研究[3],他们用9种指标衡量了工业企业的资本回报率。……
