胶质瘤靶向MGMT增敏替莫唑胺治疗
2016-05-14江浩然荆国杰
江浩然 荆国杰
[摘要] 替莫唑胺(Temozolomide,TMZ)作为一种新型烷化剂药物对各种实体性肿瘤有着明显的抗肿瘤作用,其中在胶质瘤的治疗中,其作为一线用药更是有着不可取代的地位。替莫唑胺能够对基因组DNA造成损伤,从而杀伤肿瘤细胞,但是这种损伤能被O6-甲基鸟嘌呤-DNA 甲基转移酶(O6-methylguanine DNA methyltranferase,MGMT)所修复,从而造成化疗耐药,直接影响替莫唑胺的杀伤肿瘤的作用。本综述主要叙述了近期在本领域中最新的针对MGMT增敏替莫唑胺的研究。
[关键词] 胶质瘤;MGMT;TMZ;增敏
[中图分类号] R739.4 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-9701(2016)06-0165-04
Strategies to improve the sensibility of temozolomide in glioma treatment:Targeting the protein MGMT
JIANG Haoran JING Guojie
Department of Neurosurgery, the First People's Hospital of Huizhou City, Affiliated to Guangdong Medical College,Huizhou 516003,China
[Abstract] Alkylating agents such as temozolomide(TMZ)are effective anticancer drugs for treating a variety of solid tumors. What's more,it has an irreplaceable position in glioma treatment as a first-line drugs.TMZ exerts its effects mainly via a cytotoxic DNA lesion. Unfortunately,this damage may be repaired by the DNA repair enzyme O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase(MGMT), a key player in the resistance of cancers to TMZ. In this review, we provide an overview of recent advances about improving the killing of tumor cells by TMZ, with inhibition of MGMT being the most promising.
[Key words] Glioma; MGMT; TMZ; Sensibilization
脑胶质瘤是中枢神经系统最常见的原发恶性肿瘤,约占所有原发颅内肿瘤的33.7%,主要治疗方式是以手术、放疗和化疗为主的综合治疗。但其预后并不如想象的乐观,特别是在恶性脑胶质瘤中、其对于常规放疗及化疗有高度抵抗性,即便术后行TMZ同期放化疗,胶质母细胞瘤患者的中位生存期也仅由12.1个月提高到14.6个月,5年生存率仅为9.8%[1]。除自身生物学特性及血脑屏障的原因以外,导致恶性脑胶质瘤治疗瓶颈的重要原因之一就是化疗耐药,所以增强化疗药物在治疗脑胶质瘤的作用是一个迫在眉睫的问题。
在替莫唑胺上市之前的几十年间,亚硝脲类药物已经作为治疗恶性胶质瘤的一线药物广泛应用,然而由于其骨髓抑制等毒性较为严重,加之疗效不明显,化疗在胶质瘤治疗中的地位一直没有得到重视。替莫唑胺作为新一代抗肿瘤药物,它的口服生物利用率接近100%,并且能透过血脑屏障,渗透至包括大脑的人体各个组织[2,3]。……
