术后残余神经肌肉阻滞的研究进展
2016-05-14陈虹宇李永忠梁彪
陈虹宇 李永忠 梁彪
[摘要] 肌松药在临床麻醉中应用已久,随之而来的术后残余神经肌肉阻滞效应时有发生,严重者危及手术患者生命,已日益受到麻醉医师和学者重视。本文查阅近年来术后残余神经肌肉阻滞的相关著述总结了残余肌松的诊断标准、发生率及相关影响因素、危害及后果、预防和处理的研究现状,为临床残余神经肌肉阻滞的认识和应对提供一些指导。
[关键词] 术后残余神经肌肉阻滞;肌松监测;肌松拮抗;Sugammadex
[中图分类号] R614 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-9701(2016)06-0160-05
Advances in the postoperative residual neuromuscular blockade
CHEN Hongyu1 LI Yongzhong2 LIANG Biao1
1.Department of Anesthesiology,the Second People's Hospital of Yichang City in Hubei Province,Yichang 443000, China;2.Department of Orthopedics,the Second People's Hospital of Yichang in Hubei Province,Yichang 443000,China
[Abstract] Neuromuscular blocking drugs have been used in clinical anesthesia for a long time, there are some postoperative residual neuromuscular blockade(RNMB) will be followed. The severe RNMB will endanger surgical patient life, on which more emphases have been laid gradually by anesthesiologists and scholars. This article is aimed to provide some guidelines for recognizing and dealing of RNMB, which summarized the advance of the diagnostic critena of RNMB, the incidence arid factors of RNMB, the harm, the consequence, preventing and treating by looking into references in recent years.
[Key words] Postoperative residual neuromuscular blockade; Neuromuscular function monitoring; The antagonism of the neuromuscular blockade; Sugammadex
肌松药在临床麻醉中不可或缺,从最初运用兼具麻醉和肌松作用的乙醚到去极化肌松药箭毒和琥珀胆碱用于临床,非去极化肌松剂的两大类苄异喹啉类和甾类极大发展,肌松剂作为麻醉的辅助用药已走过80余年。满足麻醉诱导和肌松维持的同时也带来了诸多问题,上世纪中叶就发现使用肌松药后围手术期死亡率风险增加6倍。作为麻醉不良事件的肌松药术后残余神经肌肉阻滞作用(residual neuromuscular block, RNMB,亦称为残余肌松作用)逐渐被发现和受到重视,研究发现术后早期死亡率与残余神经肌肉阻滞关系密切[1]。本文总结残余神经肌肉阻滞的诊断标准、发生率、监测、拮抗剂应用等方面的研究现状予以阐述。
1 残余肌松诊断标准演变
肌松监测技术的发展为残余肌松作用提供了量化指标,早在1970年尺神经四个成串刺激比值(train of four stimulation ratio,TOFr,T4/T1)就被引入临床来监测神经肌肉功能。当TOFr≥0.70时,受试者的肺活量、最大吸气量和呼气量均接近正常,此指标作为神经肌肉恢复的金标准沿用20余年。……
