2012-2014年奉贤区西渡社区预防接种不良反应监测分析
2016-04-28钱美英文凯
钱美英+文凯
摘 要 目的:了解西渡社区预防接种不良反应(AEFI)发生情况,提出有效措施以提高预防接种质量和确保安全。方法:通过AEFI监测系统,收集西渡社区2012-2014年个案数据进行描述统计分析。结果:2012-2014年共报告AEFI278例,报告发生率为141.63/10万。一般反应269例,占96.76%,报告发生AEFI的疫苗有14种,其中五联疫苗最多,为1 311.81/10万。结论:西渡社区AEFI监测系统运转良好,AEFI以一般反应为主。今后需要加强接种人员规范操作的培训,应进一步探讨AEFI主动监测模式,提高监测系统的敏感性和检测报告能力。
关键词 预防接种 不良反应 疫苗 监测
中图分类号:R186 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1006-1533(2016)06-0060-03
Analysis of the monitoring of the adverse events following immunization in Xidu Community of Fengxian District from 2012 to 2014
QIAN Meiying, WEN Kai
(Xidu Community Health Service Center, Nanqiao Town, Fengxian District, Shanghai 201401, China)
ABSTRACT Objective: To understand the occurrence of the adverse events following immunization in Xidu Community to put forward an effective measure to improve the quality of vaccination and ensure the safety. Methods: Through the AEFI monitoring system, the case data of Xidu Community from 2012 to 2014 were collected for the descriptive statistical analysis. Results: From 2012 to 2014, a total of 278 cases of AEFI were reported, and the reported incidence was 141.63/100 000. The general reaction had 269 cases, accounting for 96.76%, and there were 14 kinds of vaccines reported that had AEFI reactions. Pentavalent vaccine had the maximum amount of the reaction of 1 311.81/100 000. Conclusion: The AEFI monitoring system operates well in Xidu Community, and AEFI is given priority to with the general reaction. In the future, the training of vaccination personnel standardized operation needs to be strengthened and the mode of the active monitoring AEFI should be further explored to improve the sensitivity of the monitoring system and the ability of detecting report.
KEYWORDS vaccination; adverse reaction; vaccine; monitoring
预防接种不良反应(AEFI)是指预防接种后个别受种者在产生正常免疫反应的同时发生了一些对机体有损害的反应。开展AEFI监测客观地评价疫苗接种的安全性,可以提高预防接种的实施安全性,提高被接种者家长的依从性,改善预防接种的服务质量,保障免疫规划工作的发展[1]。对西渡社区2012-2014年AEFI监测资料进行回顾性分析,结果如下。
1 材料与方法
1.1 资料来源
2012-2014年西渡社区预防接种门诊AEFI监测月报表和个案调查表以及2012-2014年接种监测数据。
1.2 统计分析方法
根据《全国预防接种异常反应监测方案》将AEFI分为一般反应、异常反应、疫苗质量事故、接种事故、偶合症、心因性反应。数据录入电脑,采用Excel 2003进行统计分析。
2 结果
2.1 AEFI报告率
2012-2014年AEFI共报告278例,其中一般反应269例;异常反应9例(表1)。未发生疫苗质量事故、接种事故偶合症、全身性反应。
2.2 AEFI的疫苗种类分布
2012—2014年共接种疫苗19种,其中14种疫苗有AEFI报告。……
