Bacillus subtilis脂肽Bacillomycin D抗黄曲霉毒素研究进展
2016-04-20马芳芬殷海成
马芳芬+殷海成

摘 要:枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtills)被认为是一种有效抑制黄曲霉并降解其毒素的菌种。己从不同的枯草芽孢杆菌菌株中分离得到具有抑制黄曲霉毒素的脂肽抗生素Bacillomycin D。Bacillomycin D属于Iturin家族,是枯草芽孢杆菌抑制黄曲霉毒素最强抗生素,也是目前唯一从枯草芽孢杆菌菌株中得到并且已经鉴定的具有抗黄曲霉活性的物质。该文对枯草芽孢杆菌及其抗菌脂肽Bacillomycin D的结构、性质、抑制黄曲霉机制进行了综述,为其进一步应用提供参考。
关键词:枯草芽孢杆菌;抗菌脂肽;Bacillomycin D;黄曲霉;毒素
中图分类号 5816.7 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1007-7731(2016)06-22-03
Research Progress on the Inhibition Effect of Antimicrobial Lipopeptide Bacillomycin D from Bacillus subtilis on Aspergillus flavus
Ma Fangfen et al.
(College of Biological Engineering,Henan University of Technology,Zhengzhou 450001,China)
Abstract:Bacillus subtilis is considered to be a probiotics,which can suppress the growth of Aspergillus flavus and degrade aflatoxin of the strain. So far,the lipopeptide complex like Bacillomycin D produced by the strain has been found have antifungal activities. Bacillomycin D belongs to the iturin family,which is the most powerful antibiotic for B.subtilis,and is currently the only material that has been identified from the strain.In this paper,the research advances in chemical structure,physicochemical characters and antifungal properties of B. subtilis and/or bacillomycin D were reviewed to provide technical reference for the further research and application.
Key words:Bacillus subtilis;Antimicrobial lipopeptides;Bacillomycin D;Aspergillus flavus;Aflatoxin
黄曲霉毒素(Aflatoxin,AFT)是一类由黄曲霉(Aspergillus flavus)、特曲霉(Aspergillus nomius)、寄生曲霉(Aspergillus parasiticus)等霉菌分泌的含有一个双呋喃环和一个香豆素的次级代谢物,分为B族和G族2类,共20余种,是目前发现的自然界中毒性最强、危害最大的霉菌毒素[1];它具有强烈的致癌、致畸、致突变性等;广泛存在于粮食及食品中,如花生、玉米和奶制品、饲料等[2]。据联合国粮农组织(FAO)估计,每年由黄曲霉毒素污染造成的损失多达数千亿美元[3],已成为国内外食品安全组织和科研院所等有关部门高度关注的问题。因此,采取有效措施抑制黄曲霉或去除黄曲霉毒素污染十分必要。
目前预防AFT主要采取阻止黄曲霉污染和对已经造成污染的食品或饲料原料进行脱毒以及降低人和动物对AFT的吸收等[4]。脱毒最常采用的方法有物理法、化学法和生物法。而生物方法反应条件温和,去毒效率高成为目前研究热点。大量研究也证实:很多霉菌、细菌、放线菌、酵母以及藻类等都可以用来降解黄曲霉毒素。……
