识别陷阱减少失误——完形填空常见错误例析

2016-04-13刘玉立

初中生 2016年21期

关键词：设置

文/刘玉立

识别陷阱减少失误——完形填空常见错误例析

文/刘玉立

完形填空题是测试中区分度较高的一种题型，因文章被命题者人为地设置了很多空格而造成了理解上的障碍，这时我们需要跳过空格联系上下文，快速领悟文章主旨。一般来说，设空为全篇均衡分布，各空之间的距离大致相当，连续设空的情况极其少见。为提高完形填空的区分度，命题者总会在干扰项上设置陷阱。如果我们能在答题过程中顺利识别命题陷阱，就能提高解题的正确率。命题中的常见陷阱有：

1.若不考虑全篇，正确选项与干扰项都可入选；

2.若不结合语义，所给选项几乎都能构成短语或句型的搭配；

3.部分空格的选项需要读者领悟全文篇章结构和段落之间的联系。若读者没有全局意识，很容易被干扰项迷惑；

4.涉及作者情感或观点的常是命题者设置陷阱的地方。

通过对同学们在完形填空答题中出现的各种错误进行归类，失分的主要原因为以下几点：

1.不注意语境，没有全局概念；

2.主旨大意和作者情感、观点把握不清；

3.推理判断失误；

4.不会运用背景知识和生活常识进行解题；

5.基础知识不牢；

6.汉语思维干扰。

下面我们以2015年连云港市中考题（保留原题号）为例，一起来分析完形填空是如何设置陷阱题的，怎样破解。

【中考真题】（2015年连云港卷，保留原题号）Once there was a little girl living in a small，poor house on a hill.As she grew up，she began to play in her small16，she was able to see over the garden and across the valley a wonderful house high on the hill—and that house had17windows.

Although she loved her family，she18about how wonderful and exciting it must be to live in that golden house all day.

Then she19the age when she could play outside of her garden fence（篱笆），she asked her mother20she could go for a bike ride outside the gate.Hermother thought for a while and21allowed her to go.The little girl rode her bike22she got to the gate of the golden house.

As she leaned（倚靠）her bike23the gatepost，she focused on the path that 24to the house and then on the house25...and was so26.All the windows were plain（普通的）and rather dirty.

She was so sad that she didn’t go any further.Heartbroken，she rode her bike back.As she27，she saw a sight that amazed her.There28the valley on the other side was a little house.Its windows glistened（闪耀）golden as the29shone on her little house.

She30that she had been living in her golden house all along.Everything she dreamed was right there in front of her eyes and in her daily life！

16.A.hillB.gardenC.houseD.room

17.A.brokenB.woodenC.goldenD.modern

18.A.wantedB.dreamedC.hopedD.wished

19.A.reachedB.arrivedC.touchedD.grew

20.A.thatB.even ifC.as ifD.if

21.A.firstlyB.friendlyC.fullyD.finally

22.A.unlessB.untilC.sinceD.though

23.A.againstB.awayC.offD.next

24.A.showedB.arrivedC.tookD.led

25.A.oneselfB.itselfC.herselfD.himself

26.A.satisfiedB.pleasedC.disappointedD.excited