洪汉鼎



横跨中外通达古今
——诠释学与中国传统哲学现代转型的反思

洪汉鼎

摘要：“西方与东方”、“古代与现代”的关系，是中国对外文化交流特别是哲学研究的重要问题。一种流行观点认为，借鉴西方哲学来发展中国哲学，乃是在按照西方模式建构中国哲学，而对古代经典进行诠释，则是强迫古代经典现代化。这是一种错误的看法。实际上，不论中外关系，还是古今关系，凡“学”都是学“共相”，学优于自己的东西，从观念的进展来看，都是一种融合过程。当代诠释学的宇宙恰好包含这两个主题，它既横跨中西又通达古今。从诠释学角度探讨中国哲学的“中西”与“古今”之争，可以得出这样的结论：人类心灵的共振既能够逾越中西又能够通达古今。

关键词：中国哲学；诠释学；中西关系；古今关系

BridgingChina and the West, Connecting the Ancient and the Modern:Hermeneutics and Reflection on ModernTransformation of Traditional Chinese Philosophy

Hong Handing

East-West relationship and the relation between the ancient and the modern, are very important issues in China’s cultural exchanges with other countries, especially in the field of philosophical research. A popular view is that, to develop Chinese philosophy with reference of the West, means to construct our philosophy in accordance with the western model, and to interpret the classics means to compel the ancient texts to be modernized. This opinion is untenable. In fact, whether with regard to relationship between China and the West or as to relationship between the ancient and the modern, any “learning” means to learn “the universal”, to learn anything superior to ourselves. From the perspective of the progress of idea, this is a kind of fusion process. In a sense, these two subjects are just contained in the universe of contemporary hermeneutics, which stretches across China and the West, and binds the ancient and the modern. In sum, discussing these two topics in Chinese philosophy from the perspective of hermeneutics,we can draw the conclusion that the resonance of human being’s minds could both bridge China and the West, and connect the ancient and the modern.

自清末民初以来，中国传统哲学需要实现现代转型，似乎是一个公认的事实。但20世纪90年代以来，学界对此似乎又提出了异议，所谓中国哲学理论的“失语”问题开始引起反思。异议者认为，近代以来由于借用西方话语来进行所谓中国传统哲学的现代化，中国学者在国际对话中发不出自己的声音，中国哲学在语言表达和文本解读上长期处于“失语”状态。通过赛义德所谓“东方学”，这种异议被强化到了更尖锐的程度，上述“失语”被认为是中国学人的一种“自我阉割”。西方对东方思想的支配和控制、西方对东方的文化霸权，很大程度上竟是通过东方学者对自己文化的“再现”来实现的。……