姚荔嘉　邓　星　王　维　谢渭芬

第二军医大学附属长征医院消化内科(200003)



·综述·

肝星状细胞在肝脏发育和再生中作用的研究进展*

姚荔嘉#邓星王维谢渭芬&

第二军医大学附属长征医院消化内科(200003)

摘要肝星状细胞(HSCs)是位于肝窦内皮细胞与肝上皮细胞之间的一种多能细胞。HSCs激活后转化为肌成纤维样细胞，增殖并上调部分促炎和促纤维化基因表达，从而促进肝纤维化。既往对HSCs的研究主要集中在其与肝纤维化的关系方面，近年研究发现在肝脏发育和再生过程中，HSCs对肝脏细胞的增殖、分化和成熟亦至关重要。本文系统总结了HSCs的来源、发育调控和功能，着重阐述近年关于HSCs在肝脏发育和再生中作用的研究进展，以期为肝脏疾病的治疗提供新思路。

关键词肝星状细胞；肝脏；生长和发育；再生

Research Progress on Role of Hepatic Stellate Cells in Liver Development and Regeneration

YAOLijia,DENGXing,WANGWei,XIEWeifen.

DepartmentofGastroenterology,theSecondMilitaryMedicalUniversityAffiliatedChangzhengHospital,Shanghai(200003) Correspondence to: XIE Weifen, Email: weifenxie@medmail.com.cn

AbstractHepatic stellate cells (HSCs), the pluripotent cells, exist between liver sinusoidal endothelial cells and hepatic epithelial cells. Activated HSCs transform to myofibroblast-like cells, start to proliferate, anddenovoexpress some proinflammatory and profibrogenic genes, which promote hepatic fibrogenesis. Previous studies mainly focused on the relationship between HSCs and liver fibrosis, however, recent studies indicate that HSCs are essential for proliferation, differentiation and maturation of various liver cells in the process of liver development and regeneration. This review systematically summarized the source, developmental regulation and function of HSCs, and focused on progress of recent studies on the role of HSCs in liver development and regeneration. The novel knowledge of HSCs may provide clues for treatment of liver diseases.

Key wordsHepatic Stellate Cells;Liver;Growth and Development;Regeneration

肝星状细胞(hepatic stellate cells, HSCs)为肝脏特异性间充质细胞，位于肝窦内皮细胞与肝上皮细胞之间的窦周间隙，约占肝脏细胞总数的5%～8%。在健康肝脏中，HSCs处于静止状态，主要功能为储存维生素A、调节肝血流和肝内免疫反应等。在慢性肝脏疾病中，受损的肝细胞和免疫细胞通过分泌信号分子激活HSCs并使之转化为肌成纤维样细胞，增殖并上调部分促炎和促纤维化基因表达，HSCs持续和反复激活将导致肝纤维化，产生永久性瘢痕，破坏肝脏正常结构和功能。近期诸多研究发现，除参与肝纤维化外，HSCs在肝脏发育和再生中亦发挥重要作用。本文就近年相关研究进展作一综述，以期为肝脏疾病的治疗提供新思路。……