赣北丘陵棉田防旱栽培措施研究与示范
2016-03-10张丽娟陈宜夏绍南余炼中杨磊
张丽娟 陈宜 夏绍南 余炼中 杨磊



摘要:2012~2014年,通过在赣北湖口县的丘陵棉田设置移栽时穴施保水剂、蕾期秸秆覆盖和花铃期喷施叶面肥三种防旱技术措施及其组合处理,探讨其对棉花生长发育、产量效益及土壤养分和水分状况的影响。结果表明:移栽时穴施保水剂22.5 kg/hm2,对前期的营养生长有一定的促进作用;蕾期开始秸秆覆盖以及花铃期喷施叶面肥两种措施能够明显提高单株结铃数、单铃重以及衣分等产量性状;秸秆覆盖能够提高土壤养分含量,培肥地力。同时,通过试验结果集成了《丘陵无灌溉地植棉技术研究与示范生产技术操作规程》在湖口县丘陵棉区实施,取得了很好的社会效益和经济效益。
关键词:江西;丘陵;棉田;防旱栽培;技术措施
中图分类号: S562.048 文献标识码: A 文章编号:2095-3143(2016)01-0028-05
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.2095-3143.2016.01.006
Abstract: The Paper studied on the drought-resistant cultivation measures without irrigation in hills cotton field in Jiangxi Hukou county from 2012 to 2014, and analysed the influence on cotton growth and development and yield benefit, soil nutrient and moisture status in different processing (caving water retaining agent in transplanting period, mulching straw in bud period and spraying leaf fertilizer in flowering stage and their combined).The results showed that: it had a certain role in promoting the early vegetative growth through caving water retaining agent 22.5 kg/hm2 in transplanting period; the other two kinds of measures could significantly improve the boll number per plant, boll weight, lint percentage and other yield traits; straw mulching could increase soil nutrient content and soil fertility. Meanwhile, through the experiment results, it integrated a operating procedure《The production technology operating procedures of cotton planting technology research and demonstration in Hills without irrigation》, it was carried out in Hukou county and achieved good social and economic benefits.
Keywords: Jiangxi; Hills; Cotton field; Drought-resistant cultivation; Technical measures
0 引言
江西省年降雨量虽充沛但分布不匀、伏旱、秋旱或伏秋连旱发生频率高,干旱缺水是制约丘陵无灌溉棉田产量的因素之一〔1〕。旱作农业增产的关键技术在于提高现有水资源的利用率、协调水热资源利用的同步性,使土壤环境的生产能力得到补偿和良性循环利用[2]。相关研究表明,通过农耕、农艺栽培技术的应用,可以显著提高土壤抗旱能力,提高水分生产效率和作物产量〔3-8〕。本研究于2012~2014年通过对移栽时穴施保水剂、蕾期开始秸秆覆盖和花铃期喷施叶面肥的3种不同防旱栽培措施的单项及其组合比较。结合试验结果集成的《丘陵无灌溉地植棉技术研究与示范生产技术操作规程》在湖口县武山镇连续3年进行3.33 hm2连片示范。……
