鄂东南棉区棉花麦后直播栽培的关键技术
2016-03-10黄晓丽李蔚伊黎闫正华戴保生
黄晓丽 李蔚 伊黎 闫正华 戴保生
摘要:麦后直播棉,近几年成为长江流域棉区粮棉连作的新模式。为适应生产需求,确保麦后直播棉达到较高产量水平,根据多年从事麦后棉栽培的管理经验和科研成果,提出几项麦后直播棉栽培在选择品种、适宜播种、合理密度、化学调控、科学施肥和病虫防治方面的关键技术,为鄂东南棉区麦后棉生产提供技术支持。
关键词:麦后直播棉;密度;降氮;化调
中图分类号: S562.042 文献标识码: A 文章编号:2095-3143(2016)01-0052-03
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.2095-3143.2016.01.012
Abstract: In recent years, cotton direct-seeded after wheat has become a new mode of grain- cotton-rotation system in the Yangtze River Basin. In order to meet the needs of production and ensure the high yield of cotton direct-seeded after wheat, we proposed several key cultivated technologies of cotton direct-seeded after wheat based on the management experiences and scientific research results of cotton cultivation after Wheat for years. providing technical support for the production of cotton direct-seeded after wheat in the southeast Hubei province.
Keywords: Cotton direct-seeded after wheat; Density; Reducing nitrogen; Chemical regulation
0 引言
随着棉花生产情况[1]和耕作制度的不断变化,麦﹑棉连作面积有增大的趋势。为适应生产需求,根据多年从事麦后棉栽培的管理经验和科研成果[2-3],现将麦后直播棉栽培过程中的几项关键技术措施提出,以供商榷。
1 选择优良品种
选择适应当地麦后直播的棉花品种;所选品种应具有早发性好,上桃﹑成铃快﹑吐絮集中,早发不早衰;生长势中等,株型稍紧凑,耐密植的特性。
2 适时抢墒播种
由于麦后棉生长周期较短,受季节影响和制约因素较多,使之有效生育期缩短。因此,播种时间成为影响麦后棉产量的重要因素之一而显得犹为重要。小麦收获后,人工用简易播种器适时抢墒板地播种(简易播种器播种需用脱绒的光籽)。出苗后及时开(清)深沟,做到棉田沟系配套,构成棉田排﹑灌畅通体系。其作用一是有利于排涝(渍)和抗旱以促进棉株根系健全生长,提高棉株自身抗逆能力并促其早发;二是降低棉田湿度﹑减少烂铃。……
