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不同镉浓度对棉苗生长及其体内镉积累的影响

2016-03-10欧阳燕莎刘爱玉李瑞莲李毅张志刚郭利双

棉花科学 2016年1期

欧阳燕莎 刘爱玉 李瑞莲 李毅 张志刚 郭利双

摘要:在漂浮育苗条件下研究了不同浓度镉胁迫对棉花幼苗生长及各器官镉的积累分配和转移特性。结果表明,随 Cd浓度升高,棉苗株高、鲜重、根系体积和干重均降低,降低的大小表现为株高>单株干重>根系体积>单株鲜重,茎干重降低最多,达到42.8%,叶鲜重降低最少,为19.5%。在1.0 mmol/L和2.0 mmol/L镉浓度处理时,4、5、10和11号品种的茎干重下降幅度较大,受镉影响程度较明显,而6、21和22号品种则受镉影响较小。棉苗镉含量随着镉胁迫浓度的增加而增加,Cd在根、茎和叶中的分配表现为根>茎>叶片(含叶柄),但品种间差异极显著。茎的转运能力大于叶的转运能力,随着 Cd浓度的增加,转运率(TE)则降低。

关键词:棉花;漂浮育苗;镉胁迫;积累

中图分类号: S562.062 文献标识码: A 文章编号:2095-3143(2016)01-0003-08

DOI:10.3969/j.issn.2095-3143.2016.01.001

Abstract: The accumulation, distribution and?transfer characteristic of cadmium in cotton seedling growth and organs under the stresses, at different?cadmium concentration by the floating system were studied. The results showed that with the increasing of Cd concentration, the cotton seedling height, fresh weight, root volume and root dry weight of cotton seedling were decreasing, the decreased magnitude performed plant height>plant dry weight>root volume>plant fresh weight, the stem dry weight declined biggest, 42.8%, the leaf fresh weight declined smallest, 19.5%. In the 1.0 mmol/L and 2.0 mmol/L Cd concentration, the stem dry weight of No.4,5,10,11 varieties declined greatly, obvious influence; but the influence on No.6,21,22 varieties was less. Cadmium?accumulation?in cotton seedlings?increased with the increasing?of cadmium stress concentration, the performance of Cd distribution ratio was as follows: root>stem>leaf (including petiole), but the differences between varieties were significant.?The transport capacity of stem was greater than the leaf. With the increase of Cd concentration,?the transport rate?(TE)?decreased.

Key words: Cotton; Floating system; Cadmium stress; Accumulation

0 引言

镉是一种毒性较大的重金属[1],镉污染已成为中国南方部分农田的重要问题,对农产品质量安全特别是粮食安全造成了严重影响。对于耕地重金属污染问题,世界各国正在探讨以植物富集为基础的修复技术[2]。目前,国内对Cd在小麦、玉米、水稻、大豆、花生等农作物体内的富集规律都有广泛的研究[3-9],但针对棉花的相关研究则较少。棉花是重要的经济作物之一[10],其生物量大,且为非直接食用产品[11]。因此,可作为不再适宜种植水稻等粮食作物的中度和重度污染的农田在种植结构调整中的替代作物。同时,有必要探讨将棉花作为镉污染土地中利用修复作物的可行性。

有关镉胁迫对棉花生长的影响及镉的吸收、转移和富集特性的研究,大多采用盆栽试验。本研究采用……

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