范东青，张璨，胡艳秋

卵巢冷冻移植的发展历程及研究现状

范东青，张璨，胡艳秋△

女性生育力保存的方式包括胚胎冷冻、卵子冷冻及卵巢冷冻移植。胚胎冷冻技术相当成熟，玻璃化冷冻胚胎存活率已达90%以上，卵子冷冻也取得了一定进展，相较于前两种保存生育力的方法，卵巢冷冻移植不仅能够保存生殖功能，也有望保存内分泌功能。目前人类卵巢移植主要包括新鲜或冷冻卵巢组织的原位或异位移植。卵巢移植的影响因素包括冷冻保存过程、移植部位及移植前预处理等。随着器官冷冻技术及显微外科技术的完善，整体卵巢冷冻移植逐渐成为卵巢保存的发展方向。但整体卵巢移植尚处于动物实验阶段，人整体卵巢冷冻保存处于探索阶段，尚无统一的冷冻及解冻程序。综述了卵巢冷冻保存及移植的发展历程及研究现状。

卵巢；低温保存；冷冻；移植，自体

【Abstract】Themethods of female fertility preservation includes embryo cryopreservation，occyte freezing and ovarian tissue cryopreservation.The embryo freezing technology has been well developed with the survival rate over 90%.The oocyte freezing technology has also yielded progress in recent years.The ovarian tissue cryopreservation and transplantation has a predominance in the preservation of both endocrine function and reproductive function.Currently，human ovarian transplantation mainly consists of the orthotopic and heterotopic transplantation of fresh or cryopreserved ovarian tissue.The factors related to ovarian transplantation include the process of cryopreservation，transplantation site and pretreatment before transplantation，etc.With the increasingly improved technology of organ freezing and microsurgery，cryopreservation and transplantation of whole ovary have been the trend of ovarian preservation.However，the whole ovary transplantation is still at the stage of animal experiments.There are not the standard procedure of cryopreservation and thawing.The research progress of ovarian cryopreservation and transplantation was reviewed.

【Keyw ords】Ovary；Cryopreservation；Freezing；Transplantation，autologous

（JIntReprod Health/Fam Plan，2016，35：405-408）

近年来关于女性生育力的保存备受关注，有研究指出，女性生育力特别是35岁以上的女性生育力随着年龄递增而降低。玻璃化冷冻胚胎为许多生育力降低的女性带来了福音［1］。随着医学技术的发展，癌症患者5年生存率升高［2-3］，尤其小于40岁的女性癌症患者比例逐渐升高［4］，但治疗癌症的方法诸如放化疗对女性的卵巢功能也产生了不同程度的损伤，如何保存此类女性的卵巢功能成为很多学者关注的热点。卵巢保存移植不受女性年龄、有无配偶、道德伦理等限制，也为子宫内膜异位症患者及急性良性妇科疾病［5］（如卵巢蒂扭转）患者提供了保存生育力的方案。……