温度敏感性瞬时受体电位通道调节精子功能的研究进展
2016-10-21张晓柯王晓烔胡廉
张晓柯,王晓烔,胡廉
·综述·
温度敏感性瞬时受体电位通道调节精子功能的研究进展
张晓柯,王晓烔,胡廉△
精子胞内信号分子及精子膜上的离子通道在调节精子功能中发挥作用。细胞膜上的瞬时受体电位(transient receptor potential,TRP)通道通过调节细胞内离子浓度,影响细胞的各种生理功能。温度敏感性TRP通道可以将温度信号转化成生物学信号,其中TRPV1、TRPV2、TRPV3和TRPV4属于热敏感TRP通道,TRPM8和TRPA1属于冷敏感TRP通道。对精子功能调节作用的研究主要在于TRPV1通道和TRPM8通道。TRPV1通道和TRPM8通道分布于精子不同部位,通道激活后可升高精子胞内Ca2+浓度,调控精子运动、顶体反应、趋热性等。TRPV1通道还能在精子脱离输卵管上皮细胞的黏附过程中发挥作用。TRPV1通道配体结合位点的变化,会导致TRPV1通道功能障碍,可能影响雄性生育力。
TRPV阳离子通道;TRPM阳离子通道;精子能动性;顶体反应;生育力
【Abstract】The intracellular signaling molecules and membrane ion channels regulate the sperm function. The transient receptor potential(TRP)channels participate in various physiological processes through regulating the intracellular ion concentrations.The thermo-TRP channels are a group of the TRP channelswhich can convert the temperature signal into biological signal,including the heat-gated ion channels such as TRPV1,TRPV2,TRPV3 and TRPV4,and the cold-gated ion channels such as TRPM8 and TRPA1.TRPM8 and TRPV1 located in the different segments of the sperm are involved in calcium signaling pathway.The activated TRPM8 and TRPV1 can regulate sperm motility,acrosome reaction,thermotaxis,etc.TRPV1 can also induce sperm to release from oviductal epithelia cell adhesion.Besides,the change of TRPV1 ligand binding sites can lead to the dysfunction of TRPV1 channel,whichmighthave negative effects onmale fertility.
【Keywords】TRPV cation channels;TRPM cation channels;Spermmotility;Acrosome reaction;Fertility
(JInt Reprod Health/Fam Plan,2016,35:390-394)
哺乳动物的精子在雌性生殖道内获能,从而获得与卵母细胞结合的能力,此过程中精子功能发生一系列变化,主要表现在运动方式的改变、发生顶体反应、精子胞内pH值和Ca2+浓度升高、精子质膜超极化、质膜成分改变、蛋白酪氨酸磷酸化增强以及分子水平上环磷酸腺苷/蛋白激酶A(cAMP/PKA)通路激活[1]。在受精过程中,输卵管扮演着贮精库的角色,发挥筛选精子的作用。进入输卵管的精子黏附在输卵管上皮细胞,在排卵相关信号的作用下,黏附的精子从输卵管上皮细胞脱离,向卵母细胞部位游动[2]。精子的运动能力、顶体反应、脱离输卵管上皮细胞的黏附等均与雄性生育力密切相关,并受多种物质的调节。……
