刘增艳（青海省西宁市第四高级中学 青海西宁 810003）

避免写作中的中式英语

刘增艳（青海省西宁市第四高级中学 青海西宁 810003）

作为英语老师的我们在批改学生作文是没少遇到过中式英语。这是中国英语学习者经常犯的错误。请看下面这篇有我的学生写的英语作文《My English teacher》.

My English teacher

There have many teachers in our school,but the teacher I like best is our English teacher. She is a woman who is in her thirties. She is a HuangYuan people. she is kind,she always helps us with our study . We have a good relationship with our English teacher. She treats us as her friends.

I still remember the first time the teacher spoke to me,“Do you have an English name?” She asked.“I haven’t English name.” I answered. Then the teacher wrote on a piece of paper and said,“Give you!” …Her body is very healthy,she is like playing basketball.

She always smiles,we all very like her. We have a good teacher,so we will good good study,day day up.

这篇文章使读者发笑。我们的学生就是再犯同样的错误。我和学生开玩笑说：“ If you continue writing these kind of sentences,I will give you colour see see.”

我说的这句话也让同学们笑了起来。在这篇文章里，我们看到很多Chinglish 句子，那么什么是中式英语呢？中式英语是指中国的英语学习者和使用者由于受母语的影响和干扰，硬套汉语规则和习惯，在英语交际中出现的不合规范或不合英语语言和西方文化习惯的畸形英语。

我们再看一些典型的中式英语。People mountain,people sea.You ask me,me ask who? We are brothers,who and who ah. If you want money,I have no; if you want life,I have one. Three heart two meaning. You give me stop.

Chinglish 在写作中的诸多表现形式：

1.死搬。中学生在写英语句子时普遍存在一种倾向，即根据所给出的中文提示，逐句进行机械的转换，把单词一个萝卜一个坑地填入中文框框里。e.g. 阅读使我学到了很多单词。Reading made me learn lots of correct new words. 正确的句子应该是I have learned a lot of new words through reading.其他的例子还有：1).Shanghai’s traffic is very crowded.

The traffic is very heavy in shanghai .2).Our new term has passed one month and more. More than one month has passed since the new term begin.

2.硬套。完全依赖中文字面的意思，不顾词性的内涵、前后搭配而张冠李戴。

我喜欢这本字典，但他价格太贵了。e.g. I like the dictionary,but it’s price is expensive.正确的句子应该是I like the dictionary,but it’s price is too high./but it is too expensive. 其他的例子还有： 1).We played very pleasantly yesterday. We enjoyed ourselves. we had a good time yesterday. 2).My study is very busy. I am busy with my study.

3.画蛇添足。在用英语遣词造句时，我们发现有些同学因受汉语的影响而在句子中添加一些不必要的词语，从而导致意义上的重复或表达不符合英语习惯。

e.g. 比赛结束时，请把球拍还给我。Please return back my bats to me when the match ends.正确的句子应该是Please return my bats to me when the match ends. 可其他的例子还有： 1). I was doing my lessons when he entered into the classroom.

I was doing my lessons when he entered the classroom. 2). His health has improved better. His health has improved.

4.惯用法的错误。在写作中，有的同学按汉语句子结构罗列单词，忽视了单词的习惯用法，从而造出很多不合英语习惯的句子。e.g. 他右眼失明了。His right eye is blind. 正确的句子应该是He is blind in the right eye. e.g. 千万别灰心。Don’t lose your heart. 正确的句子应该是 Don’t lose heart. 其他的例子还有：1).welcome you to visit our school. Welcome to our school./You are welcome to visit our school. 2). He said he very liked English and had got many progresses. He said he liked English very much and had made much progress.

那么，如何才能避免中式英语呢？我认为应该做到以下几点：1.吃透中文意思，摆脱中文字面束缚，以清晰的文字表达原文的意思。2. 课下应多多的阅读，因为只有大量阅读原汁原味的英文资料，才能更多的了解西方国家的文化、历史及相关的社会背景等等，这样在写作时选词会更地道。3.熟悉并掌握句子的基本结构，有利于中国学生正确、完整表达句子。再次，要克服母语对英语写作的干扰，进行一些中英文思维转换训练，最终避免出现汉语式英语。

10.19312/j.cnki.61-1499/c.2016.02.043