黎晓娥湖北省荆门市京山县中医院，湖北荆门　431800

医院感染现状及预防控制探讨

黎晓娥
湖北省荆门市京山县中医院，湖北荆门431800

医院感染直接影响患者康复及医院诊疗质量，甚或对个体生命安全有极大威胁，并能引起大量医药资源浪费。空气传播所致疾病具有波及面广、传播快、后果严重及控制难度大特点。灵活运用各种方法及形式，展开宣教及知识普及，讲解过度用药危害，介绍抗菌药知识，如药理作用、适应证、禁忌证、用量、用法、疗程及不良反应，嘱患者遵医嘱或按说明书用药；给予个体有针对性、高效抗菌药物，将感染率降到最低。作为公共卫生重要问题，应认识到医院感染对患者安危及医疗质量的较大影响，加强现状分析及预防控制。此文分析医院感染现状，针对预防控制提出对策。

医院感染；现状；预防控制

［Abstract］The hospital infection directly affects the patient's rehabilitation and hospital diagnosis and treatment quality，even greatly threatens the individual life safety and causes a large amount of waste of medical resources，the diseases caused by air transmission had the features of wide spread，rapid transmission，serious outcome and high control difficulty，we should flexibly use various methods and contents，carry out education and knowledge publicity，explain the excessive medication harm，introduce the antibacterial knowledge such as pharmacological action，indication，contraindication，dosage，usage，curative effect and adverse reactions，advice patients to follow the doctor's advice or use drugs according to the instruction，give the targeted and effective antibacterial agents to individual and minimize the infection rate.Hospital infection，as a major issue of public health，the big effect of it on the safety and medical quality of patients should be known，and the status analysis and prevention and control should be enhanced，the paper analyzes the hospital infection status and puts forwards the strategies of prevention and control.

［Key words］Hospital infection；Status；Prevention and control

医院感染为全面提高医疗服务水平及质量的重要内容，在我国，医院感染控制及管理起步晚，距离科学化、规范化及制度化管理有很大差距，仍面临管理手段不健全、发生率高及诱发因素多等现实。

1　医院感染现状

1.1发生情况

据统计，在我国发生医院感染几率约7%～14%，主要发生科室有儿科、内科及外科；主要部位有手术切口、呼吸系统及泌尿系统，发生率分别12.4%、49.8%、13.6%［1］。由于种种原因，如技术手段较落后、起步晚等，感染控制研究在分析标准化、资料全面性及采集准确性等方面，较发达国家仍有很大差距，尤其是中等规模及以上医院，医院感染率较高。……