儿童尿崩症病因及临床特点分析
2016-02-05刘晓景李春枝
刘晓景 李春枝
儿童尿崩症病因及临床特点分析
刘晓景 李春枝
【摘要】目的 分析小儿尿崩症病因、临床特点及诊断方法。方法 采用回顾性病例研究方法,对郑州市儿童医院1995~2015收治的108例小儿尿崩症患者进行分析。结果 肾性尿崩症14例,占13.0%,中枢性尿崩症94例,占87.0%。中枢性尿崩症中,特发性60例,占64.4%(60/94),继发性34例,占35.6% (34/94)。结论 儿童尿崩症以中枢性尿崩症最常见,中枢性尿崩症又以特发性为最多,继发性以下丘脑-垂体病变引起,应定期随访颅脑MRI;肾性尿崩症多以先天性,为精氨酸加压素受体2(AVPR2)基因突变引起,应完善基因检测。
【关键词】尿崩症;中枢性尿崩症;肾性尿崩症;基因
Objective To analyze the etiology and clinical features of children with diabetes insipidus. Methods Retrospective analysis was used. The 108 casesof children with diabetes insipidus were analyzed in the hospital of children's Zhengzhou city from the 1995 to 2015. Results Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus is 14 cases,accounting for 13.0%. central diabetes insipidus is 94 cases,accounting for 87.0%. The idiopathic central diabetes insipidus is 60 cases. accounting for 64.4%(60/94). 34 cases were secondary,accounting for 35.6%(34/94). Conclusion Central diabetes insipidus is the more common in children'Diabetes Insipidus,of which idiopathic central diabetes is the most common.Idiopathic central diabetes was often caused by hypothalamus pituitary'lesion,which should be regularlly followed-up by brain MRI. Most nephrogenic diabetes insipidus were congenital and caused by mutations of arginine pressure hormone receptor 2(AVPR2)gene which should be detected for further test.
【Key words】Diabetes insipidus,Central diabetes insipidus,Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus,Gene
尿崩症(Diabetes insipidus,DI)是由于抗利尿激素分泌不足(中枢性尿崩,Central diabetes insipidus,CDI)或反应障碍(肾性尿崩,Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus,NDI)引起肾脏不能将原尿浓缩而排出大量低渗尿的一组临床综合征。临床主要特征为烦渴、多饮、多尿和排低渗尿[1]。现将郑州市儿童医院内分泌遗传代谢科1995 ~2015年收治的108例尿崩症(DI)患儿临床表现、检查资料及其病因回顾性分析如下。
1 临床资料
1.1一般资料
我院收治DI 108例,其中CDI 患者94例,占87.0% ,发病年龄1.0~14.6岁,平均(7.9±2.3)岁,男童:女童为2.4:1。NDI 患者14例,占13.0%,年龄0.6~12.6岁,平均年龄(4.9±1.2)岁,男童:女童为1.8:1。所有患者均排除糖尿病、高钙血症及低钾血症等所致的多尿多饮。
1.2诊断标准
多尿、多饮,低比重尿(≤1.010)、低渗透压尿(<200 mmol/L),行禁水试验排除精神性烦渴,垂体加压素试验确诊为中枢性尿崩症或肾性尿崩症[1]。
1.3CDI患儿病因构成
特发性中枢性尿崩症60例(64.4%),继发性中枢性尿崩症34例(26.6%),颅咽管瘤术后4例,6例继发于嗜酸性肉芽肿;……
